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played around

Толкование Перевод

1 played around

berkeluyuran

English-Indonesian dictionary > played around
2 played around with

membuang waktu/ menimbang2

English-Indonesian dictionary > played around with
3 the child played around the house

Общая лексика: ребёнок играл около дома

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the child played around the house
4 around

1. [əʹraʋnd] adv
1. 1) кругом; вокруг

to turn around - вращаться [см. тж. 4]

he was turning around and around - он вертелся как волчок

a dense fog lay around - кругом был густой туман, всё вокруг было окутано густым туманом

2) повсюду (тж. all around)

all around were signs of decay - повсюду были следы упадка

to follow smb. around - повсюду следовать за кем-л.

to wander around - брести, не разбирая дороги

he walked around to see the town - он бродил по улицам, чтобы осмотреть город

don't leave your clothes lying around - не разбрасывай свои вещи как попало

2. в окружности; в обхвате

for ten miles around - на десять миль в окружности

the tree measures four feet around - дерево имеет четыре фута в обхвате

3. амер. разг. вблизи, поблизости

there was no one around - никого поблизости не было

wait around awhile - подождите немного где-нибудь тут

to hang around - околачиваться поблизости, слоняться

around here - здесь, в этих местах

I'll be around if you should want me - я пока побуду здесь, на случай, если я тебе понадоблюсь

4. обратно

to turn around - а) оборачиваться; б) поворачивать назад; в) изменить взгляды, [см. тж. 1, 1)]

5. с начала до конца, напролёт

the weather here is mild the year around - здесь круглый год стоит мягкая погода

there is enough coffee to go around - кофе хватит на всех

6. второй компонент фразового глагола:

come around to see us - зайди(те) к нам

he's now able to be around but he is not yet fully well - он уже встаёт, но ещё не совсем поправился

другие сочетания см. под соответствующими словами

♢ to have been around - а) много путешествовать, повидать свет; б) набраться опыта; I have been around and I know one or two things about life - мне приходилось бывать в переделках, и я кое-что понимаю в жизни; в) презр. видать виды (особ. о женщине); this girl has been around a lot - это многоопытная девица
2. [əʹraʋnd] prep
указывает на

1. движение или нахождение вокруг вокруг, кругом

to travel around the world - совершать кругосветное путешествие

he wrapped his blanket around him - он завернулся в одеяло

woods lay around the house - вокруг дома был лес

she gave a glance around the room - она обвела взглядом комнату

she had a coat around her shoulders - она набросила пальто на плечи

2. амер. разг. нахождение неподалёку неподалёку, вблизи, около, за

the child played around the house - ребёнок играл около дома

just around the corner - сразу за углом

please stay around the house - а) пожалуйста, не уходи далеко от дома; б) пожалуйста, посиди дома

3. амер. разг.

1) нахождение в разных местах повсюду

he leaves his books around the house - его книги валяются по всему дому

2) движение в разных направлениях по

to roam around the country - скитаться /бродить/ по стране

he travelled around the country - он путешествовал /ездил/ по стране

4. разг. приблизительность приблизительно, примерно, около

it cost around five dollars - это стоило около пяти долларов

around four o'clock - приблизительно в четыре часа, около четырёх часов

around sixty guests - примерно шестьдесят человек гостей

НБАРС > around
5 played

играть

played around — играл; играющийся

played from sight — играл с листа

played key role — играл главную роль

Tom played worst — Том играл хуже всех

played a major part — играл главную роль

Синонимический ряд:

1. acted (verb) acted; did/done; discoursed; enacted; impersonated; performed; personated

2. disported (verb) disported; recreated; sported

3. fooled (verb) dallied; fiddled; fidgeted; flirted; fooled; monkeyed; puttered; tinkered; toyed; trifled; twiddled

4. manipulated (verb) beguiled; exploited; jockeyed; maneuvered; manipulated; manoeuvred

5. put (verb) bet; betted; gambled; gamed; laid; lay down; posted; put; put on; set; staked; wagered

6. ran (verb) ran; showed

7. rendered (verb) executed; interpreted; rendered

8. treated (verb) dealt with; handled; served; took/taken; treated; used

English-Russian base dictionary > played
6 around

əˈraund
1. нареч.
1) всюду, кругом, повсюду the fountain, where they were sitting around ≈ фонтан, вокруг которого они сидели Syn: everywhere, all over
2) в окружности;
в обхвате the tree measures four feet around ≈ дерево имеет четыре фута в обхвате
3) вблизи;
возле, около, поблизости around here ≈ в этом районе;
неподалеку to hang around ≈ быть поблизости to get/come around ≈ подойти, приблизиться Syn: close, nearby ∙ to get around to doing smth. ≈ собраться сделать что-л., собраться осуществить намерение They were robbed before he got around to it. ≈ Пока он собирался, его уже ограбили.
2. предл.
1) вокруг to walk around the house ≈ обойти вокруг дома
2) около, неподалеку to walk around the town ≈ гулять по городу around corner ≈ за углом
3) по (в значении нахождения повсюду, движения в разных направлениях)
4) около, приблизительно He paid around a hundred roubles. ≈ Он заплатил около ста рублей. ∙ around the bend
кругом;
вокруг - to turn * вращаться - he was turning * and * он вертелся как волчок - a dense fog lay * кругом был густой туман, все вокруг было окутано густым туманом повсюду - all * were signs of decay повсюды были следы упадка - to follow smb. * повсюду следовать за кем-либо - to wander * брести, не разбирая дороги - he walked * to see the town он бродил по улицам, чтобы осмотреть город - don't leave your clothes lying * не разбрасывай свои вещи как попало в окружности;
в обхвате - for ten miles * на десять миль в окружности - the tree measures four feet * дерево имеет четыре фута в обхвате (американизм) (разговорное) вблизи, поблизости - there was no one * никого поблизости не было - wait * awhile подождите немного где-нибудь тут - to hang * околачиваться поблизости, слоняться - * here здесь, в этих местах - I'll be * if you should want me я пока побуду здесь, на случай, если я тебе понадоблюсь обратно - to turn * оборачиваться;
поворачивать назад: изменить взгляды с начала до конца, напролет - the weather here is mild the year * здесь круглый год стоит мягкая погода - there is enough coffee to go * кофе хватит на всех второй компонент фразового глагола - come * to see us зайдите к нам - he's now able to be * but he is not yet fully well он уже встает, но еще не совсем поправился > to have been * много путешествовать, повидать свет;
набраться опыта;
(презрительное) видать виды( о женщине) > I have been * and * know one or two things about life мне приходилось бывать в переделках, и я кое-что понимаю в жизни > this firl has been * a lot это многоопытная девица указывает на движение или нахождение вокруг вокруг, кругом - to travel * the world совершать кругосветное путешествие - he wrapped his blanket * him он завернулся в одеяло - woods lay * the house вокруг дома был лес - she gave a glance * the room она обвела взглядом комнату - she had a coat * her shoulders она набросила пальто на плечи (американизм) (разговорное) указывает на нахождение неподалеку неподалеку, вблизи, около, за - the child played * the house ребенок играл около дома - just * the corner сразу за углом - please stay * the house пожалуйста, не уходи далеко от дома;
пожалуйста, посиди дома (американизм) (разговорное) указывает на нахождение в разных местах повсюду - he leaves his books * the house его книги валяются по всему дому указывает на движение в разных направлениях по - to roam * the country скитаться по стране - he travelled * the country он путешествовал по стране (разговорное) указывает на приблизительность приблизительно, примерно, около - it cost * five dollars это стоило около пяти долларов - * four o'clock приблизительно в четыре часа, около четырех часов - * sixty guests примерно шестьдесят человек гостей

around в окружности;
в обхвате;
the tree measures four feet around дерево имеет четыре фута в обхвате ~ вблизи;
поблизости;
around here в этом районе;
неподалеку;
to hang around быть поблизости;
to get (или to come) around подойти, приблизиться ~ prep вокруг;
to walk around the house обойти вокруг дома ~ всюду, кругом ~ prep около, приблизительно;
he paid around a hundred roubles он заплатил около ста рублей ~ prep по;
за;
около;
to walk around the town гулять по городу;
around corner за углом

~ prep по;
за;
около;
to walk around the town гулять по городу;
around corner за углом

~ вблизи;
поблизости;
around here в этом районе;
неподалеку;
to hang around быть поблизости;
to get (или to come) around подойти, приблизиться

~ the bend до точки, до предела ~ the bend на последнем этапе

~ вблизи;
поблизости;
around here в этом районе;
неподалеку;
to hang around быть поблизости;
to get (или to come) around подойти, приблизиться

to get ~ to doing (smth.) собраться сделать (что-л.), собраться осуществить намерение

~ вблизи;
поблизости;
around here в этом районе;
неподалеку;
to hang around быть поблизости;
to get (или to come) around подойти, приблизиться hang: ~ about, ~ around бродить вокруг;
околачиваться, шляться, слоняться ~ about, ~ around быть близким, надвигаться;
there is a thunderstrom hanging about надвигается гроза ~ about, ~ around тесниться вокруг

~ prep около, приблизительно;
he paid around a hundred roubles он заплатил около ста рублей

move ~ вчт. переместиться move ~ вчт. перемещаться

take ~ вчт. сопровождать

around в окружности;
в обхвате;
the tree measures four feet around дерево имеет четыре фута в обхвате

~ prep вокруг;
to walk around the house обойти вокруг дома

~ prep по;
за;
около;
to walk around the town гулять по городу;
around corner за углом

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > around
7 play around

v + adv jugar*, juguetear (fam & pey)

I don't want them playing around with my tools — no quiero que anden (jugando) con mis herramientas (fam)

VI + ADV

1) (also: play about) [children] jugar, divertirse

2) * (=sleep around) dormir con cualquiera

3)

to play around or about with sth — (=fiddle with) juguetear con algo; (=tamper with) toquetear algo

I played around with the programme till it worked — ensayé el programa de varias maneras hasta hacerlo funcionar bien

to play around with an idea — dar vueltas a una idea, barajar una idea

* * *

v + adv jugar*, juguetear (fam & pey)

I don't want them playing around with my tools — no quiero que anden (jugando) con mis herramientas (fam)

English-spanish dictionary > play around
8 play

play ⇒ Games and sports, Musical instruments

A n

1 Theat pièce f (about sur) ; the characters in a play les personnages d'une pièce ; a radio play, a play for radio une pièce radiophonique ; a one-/five-act play une pièce en un acte/en cinq actes ;

2 (amusement, recreation) the sound of children at play le bruit d'enfants en train de jouer ; the rich at play les riches dans leurs moments de loisir ; to learn through play apprendre par le jeu ;

3 Sport, Games play starts at 11 la partie commence à 11 heures ; there was no play today il n'y a pas eu de partie aujourd'hui ; rain stopped play la partie a dû être arrêtée à cause de la pluie ; one evening's play ( in cards) une soirée de jeu ; the ball is out of play/in play la balle est hors jeu/en jeu ; there was some good defensive play la défense a été bonne ; there was some fine play from the Danish team l'équipe danoise a bien joué ;

4 (movement, interaction) jeu m ; to come into play entrer en jeu ; it has brought new factors into play cela a introduit de nouveaux éléments ; the play of light on the water/of shadows against the wall le jeu de la lumière sur la surface de l'eau/des ombres contre le mur ; the play of forces beyond our comprehension le jeu de forces qui dépassent notre compréhension ; the free play of the imagination le libre jeu de l'imagination ;

5 ( manipulation) jeu m ; a play on words un jeu de mots ; a play on the idea of reincarnation un jeu sur la notion de la réincarnation ;

6 US ( in football) tactique f ;

7 Mech ( scope for movement) jeu m (between entre ; in dans) ; there's some play in the lock il y a du jeu dans la serrure ;

8 Fishg to give a line more/less play donner du mou à/tendre une ligne.

B vtr

1 ( for amusement) to play football/bridge jouer au football/au bridge ; to play cards/a computer game jouer aux cartes/à un jeu électronique ; to play sb at chess/at tennis, to play chess/tennis with sb jouer aux échecs/au tennis avec qn ; to play a game of chess/of tennis with sb jouer une partie d'échecs/de tennis avec qn ; I'll play you a game of chess on peut faire une partie d'échecs si tu veux ; she plays basketball for her country elle est dans l'équipe nationale de basketball ; to play shop/hide and seek jouer à la marchande/ à cache-cache ; to play a joke on sb jouer un tour à qn ;

2 Mus jouer [symphony, chord] ; to play the guitar/the piano jouer de la guitare/du piano ; to play a tune on a clarinet jouer un air à la clarinette ; to play a piece to ou for sb jouer un morceau à qn ; play them a tune joue-leur un air ; they will play a nationwide tour ils vont en tournée dans tout le pays ; they're playing the jazz club on Saturday ils jouent au club de jazz samedi ;

3 ( act out) Theat interpréter, jouer [role] ; to play (the part of) Cleopatra interpréter or jouer (le rôle de) Cléopâtre ; Cleopatra, played by Elizabeth Taylor Cléopâtre, interprétée or jouée par Elizabeth Taylor ; he plays a young officer il joue un jeune officier ; to play the diplomat/the sympathetic friend fig jouer au diplomate/à l'ami compatissant ; to play a leading role in public affairs jouer un rôle déterminant dans les affaires publiques ; to play a significant part in the creation of a clean environment jouer un rôle important dans la création d'un environnement propre ; I'm not sure how to play things je ne sais pas trop comment procéder ; that's the way I play things ○ c'est ma façon de faire ; to play a line for laughs dire une réplique de façon à faire rire tout le monde ;

4 Audio mettre [tape, video, CD] ; play me the record mets-moi le disque ; to play music écouter de la musique ; the tape was played to the court on a fait entendre la bande au tribunal ; let me play the jazz tape for you je vais vous faire entendre la cassette de jazz ;

5 Sport ( in a position) [coach, manager] faire jouer [player] ; to play goal/wing être gardien de but/ailier ; he plays goal for Fulchester il est gardien de but dans l'équipe de Fulchester ;

6 Sport (hit, kick) [golfer, tennis player] envoyer [ball] ; [basketball player] lancer [ball] ; to play the ball over the goal tirer le ballon par-dessus la cage ; to play the ball to sb passer la balle à qn ; to play a forehand délivrer un coup droit ;

7 Games (in chess, draughts) déplacer [piece] ; ( in cards) jouer [card] ; to play a club jouer du trèfle ; to play the tables ( in roulette) miser ;

8 Fin to play the stock market boursicoter ○ ;

9 Fishg épuiser [fish].

C vi

1 [children] jouer (with avec) ; to play together jouer ensemble ; can Rosie come out to play? est-ce que Rosie peut venir jouer? ; to play at soldiers/at keeping shop jouer aux soldats/à la marchande ; to play at hide and seek jouer à cache-cache ;

2 fig she's only playing at her job elle ne travaille pas vraiment ; to play at being a manager/an artist jouer au directeur/à l'artiste ; what does he think he's playing at ○ ? GB qu'est-ce qu'il fabrique ○ ? ;

3 Sport, Games jouer ; do you play? est-ce que tu sais jouer? ; have you played yet? avez-vous joué? ; to play out of turn jouer avant son tour ; I've seen them play ( team) je les ai vus jouer ; England is playing against Ireland l'Angleterre joue contre l'Irlande ; he plays for Liverpool il joue dans l'équipe de Liverpool ; she played for her club in the semifinal elle a joué dans l'équipe de son club en demi-finale ; to play in goal être dans les buts ; to play for money [cardplayer] jouer pour de l'argent ; to play fair jouer franc jeu ;

4 Sport (hit, shoot) to play into a bunker/the net envoyer la balle dans un bunker/le filet ; to play to sb's backhand jouer sur le revers de qn ;

5 Mus [musician, band, orchestra] jouer (for pour) ; to play on the flute/on the xylophone jouer de la flûte/du xylophone ; to play to large audiences/to small groups jouer devant un grand public/pour de petits groupes ;

6 Cin, Theat [play] se jouer ; [film] passer ; [actor] jouer ; ‘Macbeth’ is playing at the Gate ‘Macbeth’ se joue au Gate ; she's playing opposite him in ‘Macbeth’ elle joue avec lui dans ‘Macbeth’ ; he's playing to packed houses il joue devant des salles combles ;

7 ( make noise) [fountain, water] couler, jaser littér ; a record played softly in the background un disque jouait doucement en arrière-fond ; I could hear music/the tape playing in the next room j'entendais de la musique/la bande dans la pièce à côté ;

8 ( move lightly) sunlight played over the water le soleil jouait sur l'eau ; a breeze played across the lake une brise effleurait la surface du lac ; a smile played around ou on her lips un sourire flottait sur ses lèvres.

Idioms

to play for time essayer de gagner du temps ; we have everything to play for rien n'est encore gagné ; to play sb false ne pas jouer franc jeu avec qn ; they played to her strengths ( in interview) il ne lui ont rien demandé de difficile ; he doesn't play to his own strengths il n'utilise pas ses capacités ; all work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy) Prov il n'y a pas que le travail dans la vie ; to make a play for sb ○ draguer qn ○ ; to make great play of sth/of the fact that accorder beaucoup d'importance à qch/au fait que.

Phrasal verbs

■ play along

1 ( acquiesce) entrer dans le jeu ; to play along with sb entrer dans le jeu de qn ;

2 ( accompany) I'll sing, you play along on the piano je chante et tu m'accompagnes au piano ; to play along with sb/with a song accompagner qn/une chanson.

■ play around ○

1 ( be promiscuous) coucher à droite et à gauche ○ ;

2 ( act the fool) faire l'imbécile ; to play around with (rearrange, juggle) changer [qch] de place [chairs, ornaments] ; jongler avec [dates, figures] ; ( fiddle) jouer avec [paperclips, pens] ; to play around with the idea of doing caresser vaguement l'idée de faire ; how much time/money do we have to play around with? combien de temps/d'argent avons-nous à notre disposition?

■ play back:

▶ play [sth] back, play back [sth] rejouer [qch] du début [song] ; repasser [film, video] ; to play sth back to sb faire réentendre qch à qn [record, music] ; repasser qch à qn [video, film].

■ play down:

▶ play down [sth] minimiser [defeat, disaster, effects].

■ play off: to play sb off against sb monter qn contre qn (pour en tirer avantage) ; they can play the companies/buyers off against each other ils peuvent créer une concurrence entre les sociétés/acheteurs.

■ play on:

▶ play on

1 [musicians, footballers] continuer à jouer ;

2 ( in cricket) envoyer la balle sur son propre guichet ;

▶ play on [sth] exploiter [fears, prejudices] ; jouer avec [idea].

■ play out:

▶ play out [sth] vivre [fantasy] ; their love affair was played out against a background of war leur histoire d'amour s'est déroulée sur un fond de guerre ; the drama which is being played out in India le drame qui se joue aux Indes.

■ play up:

▶ play up ○ [computer, person] commencer à faire des siennes ○ ; the children are playing up again les enfants recommencent à en faire des leurs ○ ; my rheumatism is playing up mes rhumatismes me taquinent ;

▶ play up [sth] mettre l'accent sur [dangers, advantages, benefits] ; to play up a story Journ monter une histoire en épingle.

■ play upon = play on.

■ play with:

▶ play with [sth]

1 ( fiddle) jouer avec [pen, food, paperclip] ; to play with oneself ○ euph ( masturbate) se tripoter ○ ;

2 ( toy) to play with words jouer avec les mots ; to play with sb's affections jouer avec les sentiments de qn ;

3 ( be insincere) to play with sb jouer avec qn.

Big English-French dictionary > play
9 wolfed

пожирать

Синонимический ряд:

1. gulped (verb) bolted; crammed; engorged; gobbled; gulped; guzzled; slopped; sloshed

2. philandered (verb) fooled around; messed around; philandered; played around; womanized

English-Russian base dictionary > wolfed
10 womanized

феминизировать; феминизированный

Синонимический ряд:

philandered (verb) fooled around; messed around; philandered; played around; wolfed

English-Russian base dictionary > womanized
11 chuck away

phrvi infml esp BrE

There were plenty of people ready to help him chuck his money away, but few to stand by him when he ended up bankrupt — Многие помогали ему транжирить деньги, но мало кто с ним остался, когда он оказался без копейки

He chucked away his opportunity of making career for himself in the civil service and played around with some obscure religion in California — Он не воспользовался возможностью сделать карьеру на государственной службе, а ударился в религиозные искания где-то в Калифорнии

The new dictionary of modern spoken language > chuck away
12 play

plei
1. verb
1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) jugar

2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) jugar (a)

3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) representar, actuar

4) ((of a play etc) to be performed: `Oklahoma' is playing at the local theatre.) ser representado

5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) tocar

6) ((usually with on) to carry out or do (a trick): He played a trick on me.) gastar una broma (a alguien)

7) ((usually with at) to compete against (someone) in a game etc: I'll play you at tennis.) jugar contra

8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) rielar, bailar

9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) dirigir

10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) jugar

2. noun
1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) diversión

2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) obra

3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) partido

4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) juego

•

- player
- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up

play¹ n

1. obra de teatro

there's a Shakespeare play on at the local theatre representan una obra de Shakespeare en el teatro de la ciudad

2. juego

play is important for learning el juego es importante para aprender

play² vb

1. jugar

he is playing with his friends está jugando con sus amigos

she plays tennis and squash juega a tenis y a squash

2. tocar

he plays the trumpet toca la trompeta

play

tr[pleɪ]

noun

1 (recreation) juego

■ all work and no play mucho trabajo y nada de diversión

■ children at play niños jugando

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (action) juego; (match) partido; (move) jugada

■ rain has stopped play la lluvia ha interrumpido el juego

3 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL obra (de teatro), pieza (teatral)

4 (free and easy movement, slack) juego

5 (action, effect, interaction) juego

transitive verb

1 (game, sport) jugar a

■ some played cards while the others played football algunos jugamos a cartas mientras otros jugaron a fútbol

■ do you play the Stock Exchange? ¿juegas a la Bolsa?

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (compete against) jugar contra; (in position) jugar de; (ball) pasar; (card) jugar; (piece) mover

■ Arsenal are playing Manchester tomorrow el Arsenal juega contra el Manchester mañana

■ have you played David at tennis? ¿has jugado al tenis con David?

3 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tocar

■ she plays the piano toca el piano

■ play us something on the guitar tócanos algo a la guitarra

noun

1 (joke, trick) gastar, hacer

■ they played a dirty trick on me me jugaron una mala pasada

transitive verb

1 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL (part) hacer el papel de, hacer de; (play) representar, dar

■ she plays the part of Juliet hace de Julieta

■ they're playing King Lear at the Royal representan el Rey Lear en el Royal

2 (record, song, tape) poner

3 (direct - light, water) dirigir

intransitive verb

1 (amuse oneself) jugar (at, a), ( with, con)

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (at game) jugar

■ he plays for England juega con la selección inglesa

3 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL (cast) actuar, trabajar; (show) ser representado,-a

4 (pretend) pretender, jugar a

■ what are you playing at? ¿qué pretendes?, ¿a qué estás jugando?

5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tocar

6 (move) recorrer

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

a play on words un juego de palabras

to be in play estar dentro de juego

to be out of play estar fuera de juego

to be played out estar agotado,-a, estar rendido,-a

to bring something into play poner algo en juego

to come into play entrar en juego

to give full play to something dar rienda suelta a algo

to make a play for something/somebody intentar conseguir algo/conquistar a alguien

to play by ear (music) tocar de oído

to play dead hacerse el/la muerto,-a

to play for time tratar de ganar tiempo

to play hard to get hacerse de rogar, hacerse el/la interesante

to play into somebody's hands hacerle el juego a alguien

to play it by ear (improvise) decidir sobre la marcha, improvisar

to play it cool hacer como si nada

to play one's cards right jugar bien sus cartas

to play safe / play it safe ir a lo seguro, no arriesgarse

to play the fool hacer el indio, hacer el tonto

to play the game jugar limpio

to play truant hacer novillos, hacer campana

to play with an idea dar vueltas a una idea

to play with fire jugar con fuego

fair play / foul play juego limpio / juego sucio

play ['pleɪ] vi

1) : jugar

to play with a doll: jugar con una muñeca

to play with an idea: darle vueltas a una idea

2) fiddle, toy: jugar, juguetear

don't play with your food: no juegues con la comida

3) : tocar

to play in a band: tocar en un grupo

4) : actuar (en una obra de teatro)

play vt

1) : jugar (un deporte, etc.), jugar a (un juego), jugar contra (un contrincante)

2) : tocar (música o un instrumento)

3) perform: interpretar, hacer el papel de (un carácter), representar (una obra de teatro)

she plays the lead: hace el papel principal

play n

1) game, recreation: juego m

children at play: niños jugando

a play on words: un juego de palabras

2) action: juego m

the ball is in play: la pelota está en juego

to bring into play: poner en juego

3) drama: obra f de teatro, pieza f (de teatro)

4) movement: juego m (de la luz, una brisa, etc.)

5) slack: juego m

there's not enough play in the wheel: la rueda no da lo suficiente

play

n.

• drama s.m.

• holgura s.f.

• huelgo s.m.

• juego s.m.

• jugada s.f.

• obra dramática s.f.

• pieza s.f.

• recreo s.m. (A role)

v.

• desempeñar v. (An instrument)

v.

• tocar v. (To drum)

v.

• tañer v.

v.

• divertirse v.

• jugar v.

• juguetear v.

• representar v.

• reproducir (Electrónica) v.

• sonar v.

pleɪ
I

noun

1)

a) u ( recreation) juego m

she watched them at play — los observaba mientras jugaban

b) u ( Sport) juego m

play was interrupted — se interrumpió el juego or el partido

to bring something/come into play — poner* algo/entrar en juego

c) c (AmE Sport) ( maneuver) jugada f

to make a play for somebody/something — (also BrE)

he made a play for her — trató de ganársela or de conquistársela

the company made a play for ownership of ABC Industries — la compañía intentó hacerse con ABC Industries

2) u ( interplay) juego m

the play of light and shadow — el juego de luces y sombras

3) u ( slack) ( Tech) juego m

4) c ( Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza f (teatral), comedia f

radio play — obra f radiofónica

5) c ( pun)

a play on words — un juego de palabras

II
1.

1) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) \<\<cards/hopscotch\>\> jugar* a

let's play a game — vamos a jugar

to play a jokeick on somebody — hacerle* or gastarle una broma/una jugarreta a alguien

b) \<\<football/chess\>\> jugar* (AmL exc RPl), jugar* a (Esp, RPl)

3)

a) ( compete against) \<\<opponent\>\> jugar* contra

to play somebody AT something: I used to play her at chess — jugaba ajedrez or (Esp, RPl) al ajedrez con ella

b) \<\<ball\>\> pasar; \<\<card\>\> tirar, jugar*; \<\<piece\>\> mover*

c) ( in particular position) jugar* de

d) ( use in game) \<\<reserve\>\> alinear, sacar* a jugar

4) ( gamble on) jugar* a

to play the market — ( Fin) jugar* a la bolsa

Sense II

5) ( Theat)

a) \<\<villain/Hamlet\>\> representar el papel de, hacer* de, actuar* de

to play the innocent — hacerse* el inocente

b) \<\<scene\>\> representar

to play it cool — hacer* como si nada

to play (it) safe — ir* a la segura, no arriesgarse*

to play (it) straight — ser* sincero or honesto

c) \<\<theater/town\>\> actuar* en

6) ( Mus) \<\<instrument/note\>\> tocar*; \<\<piece\>\> tocar*, interpretar (frml)

7) ( Audio) \<\<tape/record\>\> poner*

Sense III

8) ( move) (+ adv compl)

they played the hoses over the blaze — movían las mangueras sobre las llamas

2.

1) vi

Sense I

2) ( amuse oneself) \<\<children\>\> jugar*

to play AT something — jugar* a algo

what are you playing at? — ¿a qué estás jugando?, ¿qué es lo que te propones?

to play WITH something/somebody — jugar* con algo/alguien

we don't have much time to play with — no disponemos de mucho tiempo

to play with oneself — (euph) toquetearse (euf)

3) (Games, Sport) jugar*

to play fair — jugar* limpio

to play fair with somebody — ser* justo con alguien

Sense II

4)

a) ( Theat) \<\<cast\>\> actuar*, trabajar; \<\<show\>\> ser* representado

the musical has been playing to packed houses — el musical ha estado llenando las salas

b) ( pretend)

to play dead — hacerse* el muerto

to play hard to get — hacerse* el (or la etc) interesante

5) ( Mus) \<\<musician\>\> tocar*

music was playing in the background — se escuchaba una música de fondo

Sense III

6) ( move)

lights played across the sky — un juego de luces recorrió el cielo

a smile played about his lips — un atisbo de sonrisa rondaba sus labios

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- play about

- play along

- play around

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play out

- play up

- play upon

[pleɪ]
1. N

1) (=recreation) juego m

• to be at play — estar jugando

• to do/say sth in play — hacer/decir algo en broma

2) (Sport) juego m; (=move, manoeuvre) jugada f, movida f

neat play — una bonita jugada

a clever piece of play — una hábil jugada

play began at three o'clock — el partido empezó a las tres

to be in play — [ball] estar en juego

to be out of play — [ball] estar fuera de juego
fair I, 1., 1), foul 5.
3) (Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza f
plays teatro msing
the plays of Lope — las obras dramáticas de Lope, el teatro de Lope

radio/television play — obra f para radio/televisión

to be in a play — [actor] actuar en una obra
radio
4) (Tech etc) juego m

there's not enough play in the rope — la cuerda no da lo suficiente

there's too much play in the clutch — el embrague tiene demasiada holgura or va demasiado suelto

5) (fig) (=interaction)

the play of light on the water — el rielar de la luz sobre el agua

the play of light and dark in this picture — el efecto de luz y sombra en este cuadro

the free play of market forces — la libre interacción de los mercados

the play of ideas in the film is fascinating — el abanico de ideas en la película es fascinante

6) (figurative phrases)

• to bring or call into play — poner en juego

• to come into play — entrar en juego

• to make a play for sth/sb — intentar conseguir algo/conquistar a algn

to make (a) great play of sth — insistir en algo, hacer hincapié en algo

• a play on words — un juego de palabras

2. VT

1) [+ football, tennis, chess, bridge, cards, board game etc] jugar a; [+ game, match] jugar, disputar

do you play football? — ¿juegas al fútbol?

what position does he play? — ¿de qué juega?

to play centre-forward/centre-half etc — jugar de delantero centro/medio centro etc

they played him in goal — lo pusieron en la portería

• to play a game of tennis — jugar un partido de tenis

to play a game of cards (with sb) — echar una partida de cartas (con algn)

the children were playing a game in the garden — los niños estaban jugando (a un juego) en el jardín

don't play games with me! — (fig) ¡no me vengas con jueguecitos!, ¡no trates de engañarme!

- play the field

- play the game

2) [+ team, opponent] jugar contra

I played him twice — jugué contra él dos veces

last time we played Sunderland... — la última vez que jugamos contra Sunderland...

• to play sb at chess — jugar contra algn al ajedrez

I'll play you for the drinks — quien pierde paga

3) [+ card] jugar; [+ ball] golpear; [+ chess piece etc] mover; [+ fish] dejar que se canse, agotar

• he played the ball into the net — (Tennis) estrelló or golpeó la pelota contra la red

• to play the market — (St Ex) jugar a la bolsa

- play one's cards right or well

- he played his ace

- play ball

4) (=perform) [+ role, part] hacer, interpretar; [+ work] representar; (=perform in) [+ town] actuar en

what part did you play? — ¿qué papel tuviste?

when we played "Hamlet" — cuando representamos "Hamlet"

when I played Hamlet — cuando hice el papel de Hamlet

we shall be playing the West End — pondremos la obra en el West End

when we last played Blackpool — cuando actuamos la última vez en Blackpool

let's play it for laughs — hagámoslo de manera burlesca

to play the peacemaker/the devoted husband — (fig) hacer el papel de pacificador/de marido amantísimo

we could have played it differently — (fig) podríamos haber actuado de otra forma

- play it cool

- play it safe
book 1., 1), fool, trick 1., 1)
5) (Mus etc) [+ instrument, note] tocar; [+ tune, concerto] tocar, interpretar more frm; [+ tape, CD] poner, tocar

to play the piano/violin — tocar el piano/el violín

they played the 5th Symphony — tocaron or more frm interpretaron la Quinta Sinfonía

they were playing Beethoven — tocaban or more frm interpretaban algo de Beethoven

I can't play a note — no tengo ni idea de música

6) (=direct) [+ light, hose] dirigir

to play hoses on a fire — dirigir mangueras sobre un incendio

to play a searchlight on an aircraft — dirigir un reflector hacia un avión, hacer de un avión el blanco de un reflector

3. VI

1) (=amuse o.s.) [child] jugar; [puppy, kitten etc] jugar, juguetear

to go out to play — salir a jugar

to play with a stick — juguetear con un palo

to play with an idea — dar vueltas a una idea, barajar una idea

to play with one's food — comiscar

to play with fire — (fig) jugar con fuego

he's got money to play with — tiene dinero de sobra

how much time/money do we have to play with? — ¿con cuánto tiempo/dinero contamos?, ¿de cuánto tiempo/dinero disponemos?

he's just playing with you — se está burlando de ti

to play with o.s. * — euph tocarse, masturbarse

2) (Sport) (at game, gamble) jugar

play! — ¡listo!

who plays first? — ¿quién juega primero?

are you playing today? — ¿tu juegas hoy?

I've not played for a long time — hace mucho tiempo que no juego

• England are playing against Scotland in the final — Inglaterra jugará contra or se enfrentará a Escocia en la final

• to play at chess — jugar al ajedrez

they're playing at soldiers — están jugando a (los) soldados

he's just playing at it — lo hace para pasar el tiempo nada más

the little girl plays at being a woman — la niña juega a ser mujer

what are you playing at? * — pero ¿qué haces?, ¿qué te pasa?

• to play by the rules — (fig) acatar las normas

• to play fair — jugar limpio

• he plays for Liverpool — juega en el Liverpool

to play for money — jugar por dinero

to play for high stakes — (lit) apostar muy alto; (fig) poner mucho en juego

• to play in defence/goal — (Sport) jugar de defensa/de portero

• he played into the trees — (Golf) mandó la bola a la zona de árboles

- play for time

- play into sb's hands

- play to one's strengths

3) (Mus) [person] tocar; [instrument, record etc] sonar

do you play? — ¿sabes tocar?

a record was playing in the background — de fondo sonaba un disco

when the organ plays — cuando suena el órgano

• will you play for us? — ¿nos tocas algo?

• to play on the piano — tocar el piano

• to play to sb — tocar para algn

4) (Theat, Cine) (=act) actuar

to play in a film — trabajar en una película

we have played all over the South — hemos representado en todas partes del Sur

the film now playing at the Odeon — la película que se exhibe or proyecta en el Odeon

- play hard to get

- play dead
gallery
5) (=move about, form patterns) correr

the sun was playing on the water — rielaba el sol sobre el agua

a smile played on his lips — una sonrisa le bailaba en los labios

6) [fountain] correr, funcionar

4.

CPD

play clothes NPL — ropa f para jugar

play reading N — lectura f (de una obra dramática)

- play about

- play along

- play around

- play back

- play down

- play in

- play off

- play on

- play out

- play over

- play up

- play upon

* * *
[pleɪ]
I

noun

1)

a) u ( recreation) juego m

she watched them at play — los observaba mientras jugaban

b) u ( Sport) juego m

play was interrupted — se interrumpió el juego or el partido

to bring something/come into play — poner* algo/entrar en juego

c) c (AmE Sport) ( maneuver) jugada f

to make a play for somebody/something — (also BrE)

he made a play for her — trató de ganársela or de conquistársela

the company made a play for ownership of ABC Industries — la compañía intentó hacerse con ABC Industries

2) u ( interplay) juego m

the play of light and shadow — el juego de luces y sombras

3) u ( slack) ( Tech) juego m

4) c ( Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza f (teatral), comedia f

radio play — obra f radiofónica

5) c ( pun)

a play on words — un juego de palabras

II
1.

1) transitive verb

Sense I

2)

a) \<\<cards/hopscotch\>\> jugar* a

let's play a game — vamos a jugar

to play a joke/trick on somebody — hacerle* or gastarle una broma/una jugarreta a alguien

b) \<\<football/chess\>\> jugar* (AmL exc RPl), jugar* a (Esp, RPl)

3)

a) ( compete against) \<\<opponent\>\> jugar* contra

to play somebody AT something: I used to play her at chess — jugaba ajedrez or (Esp, RPl) al ajedrez con ella

b) \<\<ball\>\> pasar; \<\<card\>\> tirar, jugar*; \<\<piece\>\> mover*

c) ( in particular position) jugar* de

d) ( use in game) \<\<reserve\>\> alinear, sacar* a jugar

4) ( gamble on) jugar* a

to play the market — ( Fin) jugar* a la bolsa

Sense II

5) ( Theat)

a) \<\<villain/Hamlet\>\> representar el papel de, hacer* de, actuar* de

to play the innocent — hacerse* el inocente

b) \<\<scene\>\> representar

to play it cool — hacer* como si nada

to play (it) safe — ir* a la segura, no arriesgarse*

to play (it) straight — ser* sincero or honesto

c) \<\<theater/town\>\> actuar* en

6) ( Mus) \<\<instrument/note\>\> tocar*; \<\<piece\>\> tocar*, interpretar (frml)

7) ( Audio) \<\<tape/record\>\> poner*

Sense III

8) ( move) (+ adv compl)

they played the hoses over the blaze — movían las mangueras sobre las llamas

2.

1) vi

Sense I

2) ( amuse oneself) \<\<children\>\> jugar*

to play AT something — jugar* a algo

what are you playing at? — ¿a qué estás jugando?, ¿qué es lo que te propones?

to play WITH something/somebody — jugar* con algo/alguien

we don't have much time to play with — no disponemos de mucho tiempo

to play with oneself — (euph) toquetearse (euf)

3) (Games, Sport) jugar*

to play fair — jugar* limpio

to play fair with somebody — ser* justo con alguien

Sense II

4)

a) ( Theat) \<\<cast\>\> actuar*, trabajar; \<\<show\>\> ser* representado

the musical has been playing to packed houses — el musical ha estado llenando las salas

b) ( pretend)

to play dead — hacerse* el muerto

to play hard to get — hacerse* el (or la etc) interesante

5) ( Mus) \<\<musician\>\> tocar*

music was playing in the background — se escuchaba una música de fondo

Sense III

6) ( move)

lights played across the sky — un juego de luces recorrió el cielo

a smile played about his lips — un atisbo de sonrisa rondaba sus labios

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- play about

- play along

- play around

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play out

- play up

- play upon

English-spanish dictionary > play
13 play

pleɪ
1. сущ.
1) игра, развлечение, забава All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. ≈ Только работа и никаких игр сделали Джека очень скучным мальчиком. Syn: amusement, recreation, entertainment
2) азартная игра
3) а) пьеса, драма to criticize, pan a play ≈ критиковать пьесу, подвергать пьесу резкой критике to present, produce, put on, perform, stage a play ≈ представлять, ставить, показывать пьесу to rehearse a play ≈ репетировать пьесу to review a play ≈ писать рецензию на пьесу, делать критический обзор пьесы to revive a play ≈ воскрешать, восстанавливать пьесу miracle play morality play mystery play nativity play one-act play passion play straight play б) представление, спектакль to go to the play ≈ идти в театр на спектакль a play closes ≈ спектакль кончается a play opens ≈ спектакль начинается The play ran for two years on Broadway. ≈ Эта пьеса два года шла на Бродвее. grandstand play
4) шутка play on words ≈ игра слов, каламбур in play ≈ в шутку
5) действие, деятельность in full play ≈ в действии, в разгаре bring into play call into play come into play
6) ед. ход, очередь, подача( в игре)
7) простор, свобода
8) игра, переливы play of colours ≈ переливы красок
9) диал. забастовка
10) тех. зазор;
игра;
люфт;
свободный ход;
шатание (части механизма, прибора) ∙ fair play ≈ честная игра;
честность
2. гл.
1) а) забавляться, играть, резвиться The children play indoors when it rains. ≈ Когда идет дождь, дети играют дома. б) сыграть( шутку), разыграть в) поступать, вести себя легкомысленно It's no good playing at business, you have to take it seriously. ≈ В бизнес не играют, это дело серьезное. ∙ Syn: engage in games, amuse oneself, entertain oneself
2) а) играть, участвовать в спортивной игре I played him for championship. ≈ Я играл с ним на звание чемпиона. б) играть в азартные игры Don't play (at) cards against your father, he always wins. ≈ Не играй в карты со своим отцом, он всегда выигрывает.
3) спорт а) использовать в игре, выставлять, заявлять( игрока) The captain wants to play Mills as defence in our next game. ≈ Капитан хочет выставить Миллса защитником в следующем матче. б) принимать в игру( игрока) в) ходить, делать ход г) отбивать (мяч) ;
подавать( мяч) He played the ball back close to the net. ≈ Он подал мяч низко над сеткой.
4) а) исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение) to play (music) at sight ≈ играть (музыкальное произведение) с листа to play (music) by ear ≈ подбирать( музыкальное произведение, мелодию) на слух б) играть в спектакле
5) давать представление (о труппе) ;
гастролировать
6) играть на музыкальном инструменте
7) а) играть роль, притворяться б) действовать, поступать play safe play false
8) играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться( чем-л.)
9) подходить для игры, быть в хорошем состоянии
10) а) порхать, носиться;
танцевать б) переливаться, играть;
мелькать
11) бить( о струе)
12) свободно владеть( инструментом и т. п.)
13) приводить в действие, пускать
14) направлять (свет и т. п. на что-л.) (on, over, along) ;
обстреливать (on, upon)
15) тех. иметь люфт
16) диал. бастовать ∙ play about play along play around play back play down play in play off play on play out play over play through play upon play up play up to to play it by ear ≈ принимать решение на месте, в зависимости от обстоятельств to play it cool ≈ вести себя спокойно, не суетиться to play it low on smb. разг. ≈ подло поступить по отношению к кому-л. to play smb. for a fool амер. ≈ выставлять кого-л. дураком, дурачить кого-л. to play smb. like a fish ≈ контролировать( кого-л.), легко управлять( кем-л.) to play a trick on smb. ≈ надуть, обмануть кого-л. to play games with smb. амер. ≈ обманывать кого-л. to play to the gallery ≈ работать на публику play smb. up play for time play hell play havoc play the devil play the mischief play politics play ball игра;
забава - boy's *s мальчишеские игры - equestrian *s (спортивное) конные игры - actual * (спортивное) игра со счетом (очков) /на счет/ - loose * (спортивное) свободная игра (без счета) - to be at * играть - to bring the ball into * (спортивное) ввести мяч в игру - children are fond of * дети любят игры /забавы/ - in *! (спортивное) в игре! - out of *! (спортивное) вне игры! - the ball is in * (спортивное) мяч в игре (спортивное) манера, стиль игры, игра - fair * игра по правилам, честная игра - foul * игра с нарушением правил, грубая игра - fine * красивая игра - to win a match by good * выиграть матч благодаря хорошей игре - to see that fair * is observed следить за соблюдением правил (спортивное) комбинация - tip-off * комбинация, начинающаяся начальным броском - make *s разыгрывать комбинации (спортивное) борьба;
бой - loose * учебно-тренировочный бой азартная игра - high * крупная игра - low * игра по маленькой - to lose money at * проигрывать деньги( в карты) - the * runs high идет крупная игра шутка - in * в шутку - out of mere * ради шутки, в шутку - to do smth. in * сделать что-л. в шутку - he answered part in earnest and part in * он ответил полушутя, полусерьезно - I am not in the humour /mood/ for * я не намерен шутить каламбур - * on words игра слов, каламбур - * upon the meaning of the word обыгрывание значения слова пьеса, драма - the *s of Shakespeare пьесы Шекспира представление, спектакль - broadcast * радиопостановка - to give a * давать представление /пьесу/ - to go to the * идти в театр владение, умение обращаться( с оружием, инструментом и т. п.) - sword * владение мечом - to make * with one's stick вертеть (свою) трость, играть тростью - his * was very correct, and his parries neat он очень ловко владел шпагой и точно парировал движение - child full of * живой /резвый, подвижный/ ребенок - * of muscles игра мышц переливы, игра - * of sunlight upon leaves игра солнечных бликов на листьях - iridescent * of colours радужные переливы красок - * of the waves игра /плеск/ волн - the * of the diamond игра бриллианта - the * of expression in smb.'s face смена выражения на чьем-л. лице свобода, простор - to give /to allow/ free * to one's fancy дать простор /волю/ своему воображению - he gave free * to his faculties его способности полностью раскрылись - give the rope more /let the rope have some/ *! не натягивай веревку! - the (lively) * of fancy (живая) игра воображения действие, деятельность - in full * в действии, в разгаре - out of * в бездействии - to come into * начать действовать - to bring /to call, to put/ into * приводить в действие, пускать в ход - to bring the guns into * пустить в ход пушки действия, поведение( в какой-л. ситуации) ;
игра - double * двойная игра - fair * игра по правилам;
честная игра;
честность;
справедливость - foul * нечестная игра;
подлое поведение;
обман;
жульничество - to rule out foul * исключить возможность грубой игры или жульничества (тк. в ед. ч.) ход, очередь, подача (в игре) - it's your * ваш ход (диалектизм) забастовка каникулы, свободное от занятий время ухаживание;
свадебный танец( у самцов) проигрывание( пластинки) - the record got scratched after a few *s на пластинке появились царапины после того, как ее несколько раз проигрывали "пресса", освещение в прессе - the birth of the baby elephant got a big * все газеты сообщали о рождении слоненка (техническое) зазор игра, люфт, свободный ход;
шатание (части механизма, прибора) - admissible /permissible/ * допустимый люфт /ход, зазор/ (авиация) болтанка > child's * пустяк, ерунда;
"детские игрушки" > as good as a * очень забавно /интересно/ > gallery * стремление к дешевой популярности;
"работа на публику" > grandstand * выступление, рассчитанное на эффект > to keep /to hold/ smb. in * завалить кого-л. работой, не давать кому-л. передышки;
(спортивное) держать противника в напряжении, не давать противнику передышки > to make * (with) (сленг) действовать > making * with both hands действуя обеими руками;
(спортивное) держать противника в напряжении;
не давать противнику передышки;
(спортивное) наносить сильные и точные удары;
действовать энергично;
добиваться результатов;
заострять внимание;
обыгрывать (факт) > she made great * with his disappointed expectations она вволю поиздевалась над его несбывшимися надеждами > to make a * for пустить в ход свои чары, очаровывать;
сделать все возможное, чтобы добиться своего;
ухаживать > all work and no * makes Jack a dull boy (пословица) Джек в дружбе с делом, в ссоре с бездельем - бедняга Джек не знаком с весельем > turn about is fair * (пословица) везет и не везет всем по очереди играть, резвиться, забавляться - to * with a child играть с ребенком - my daughter will * by herself for hours моя дочка может часами играть одна сыграть шутку;
разыграть - to * a joke /a prank/ on smb. подшутить над кем-л. - he *ed a practical joke on us он здорово пошутил над нами( with) шутить;
дурачиться - to * with fire шутить с огнем - I recommend you not to * with the captain советую вам не шутить с капитаном каламбурить, обыгрывать значение слова - to * upon words каламбурить поступать, вести себя легкомысленно (with) флиртовать;
ухаживать, заводить любовную интрижку (австралийское) (разговорное) разыгрывать играть(во что-л.), участвовать в игре - to * (at) tennis играть в теннис - to * a game of tennis сыграть партию в теннис - to * for championship участвовать в чемпионате - to * smb. for championship играть с кем-л. за звание чемпиона - to * smb. at chess играть с кем-л. в шахматы - to * school играть классически - to * right back играть правым защитником - to * at robbes играть в разбойники - to * at shopkeeping играть в магазин - to * politics вести политическую игру - to * over переиграть;
сыграть снова делать ход, бросок и т. п.;
ходить (картой, шашкой и т. п.) - to * a pawn пойти пешкой - to * white( шахматное) играть белыми - to * a stroke сделать удар - to * one's ball into the pocket послать шар в лузу - *! играю! (восклицание подающего в теннисе) - * your cards carefully( карточное) ходи осторожно - he *ed the card reluctantly он неохотно бросил карту (спортивное) отбивать, подавать мяч использовать в игре, выставлять, заставлять( игрока) - the team were *ing three reserves команда использовала трех запасных игроков вводить в игру (игрока) притворяться, прикидываться - to * the fool /the idiot/ валять дурака - to * the host разыгрывать (из себя) хозяина - to * the great man строить /корчить/ из себя великого человека - he is merely *ing business он лишь притворяется, что занят делом поступать, действовать (каким-л. образом) - to * the man поступать, как подобает мужчине - to * safe действовать наверняка - to * fair поступать честно - to * foul /foully/ поступать нечестно, жульничать;
предавать - to * on a hunch действовать по интуиции - to * smb. false, to * false with smb. (устаревшее) обманывать, подводить, предавать кого-л. - if my memory does not * me false если мне не изменяет память - to * it cool (американизм) вести себя спокойно, не суетиться;
не терять головы;
сохранять спокойствие /достоинство/;
не проявлять эмоций - to * hard (американизм) поступать /вести себя/ нечестно или жестоко;
быть неразборчивым в средствах стравливать, натравливать( обыкн. * off) - to * off one person against another натравливать одного на другого рассматривать - to * with a new idea рассмотреть новую мысль /идею/ подходить для игры - the lawn /the ground/ *s well спортивная площадка в хорошем состоянии - the piano *s well у этого рояля хороший звук - the piece *s well эта пьеса очень музыкальна играть в азартные игры;
быть игроком - to * for money играть на деньги - to * high, to * for high stakes играть по большой играть на тотализаторе или на скачках (тж. to * horses) делать ставки, ставить - to * 5 dollars поставить 5 долларов играть (на бирже) исполнять (музыкальное произведение и т. п.) ;
играть - to * a piece сыграть музыкальную пьесу - to * a symphony исполнить симфонию - to * by ear подбирать мелодию на слух исполнять, играть роль (тж. to * a part) - to * Hamlet играть (роль) Гамлета сниматься( в фильме) ;
участвовать, играть (в спектакле) - to * in a film участвовать /играть/ в фильме играть (на музыкальном инструменте) - to * the piano играть на рояле играть (о музыке или муз. инструменте) - the organ was *ing играл орган - just then the music began to * в этот момент заиграла музыка сопровождать музыкой - the band *ed them out of town они уходили из города под звуки оркестра - the organist was *ing the congregation out органист заиграл, и прихожане стали выходить из церкви давать представление;
исполнять пьесу - to * a tragedy ставить трагедию - an old comedy is being *ed again снова играют старую комедию (американизм) гастролировать - to * the larger cities гастролировать в крупных городах refl, pass исполняться - a waltz was being *ed on the radio по радио передавали вальс демонстрировать( фильм) идти (на экране, в театре) - a new film is *ing tonight сегодня вечером идет новый фильм - what's *ing at the theatre? что идет в театре? играть, работать (о радио, магнитофоне, пластинке и т. п.) - his radio is *ing у него работает радио играть (чем-л.) ;
вертеть (что-л. в руках) - to * with one's stick играть палкой - to * the ball too high подбросить мяч слишком высоко (on, upon) играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться (чем-л.) - to * upon smb.'s credulity играть на чьей-л. доверчивости - the noise *ed on his nerves шум действовал ему на нервы порхать, носиться, танцевать - to allow one's fancy to * round smth. дать волю своей фантазии - butterflies *ed among the flowers среди цветов порхали бабочки - the wind *ed in her hair ветер трепал ее волосы переливаться, играть;
мелькать - lightnings *ed in the sky в небе сверкали молнии - a smile *ed on her lips на ее губах играла улыбка - the searchlight began to * a dazzling ripple замелькали ослепительные вспышки прожектора дрожать, трепетать - a breeze *ed on the water сильный ветер рябил воду - leaves * in the wind листья трепещут на ветру бить (о струе и т. п.) - the fountains will * on Sunday в воскресенье будут бить фонтаны /пустят фонтаны/ (обыкн. on, upon, over) направлять - to * a searchlight upon a boat направить луч прожектора на лодку - to * a hose on a fire направить на огонь струю из брандспойта - to * guns upon the fort обстреливать форт из пушек - to * bullets upon smb. обстреливать кого-л. стрелять - they continued *ing the battery их батарея продолжала вести огонь приводить в действие, пускать (тж. * off) - to * a record поставить /проиграть/ пластинку - to * the record-player включить проигрыватель, послушать пластинки - the engine was *ed off запустили мотор( техническое) иметь люфт;
шататься( диалектизм) бастовать;
быть на каникулах водить, вываживать ( рыбу) (американизм) (сленг) опекать, покровительствовать;
сотрудничать (профессионализм) помещать, располагать( статью, фотографию и т. п.) на определенном месте( в газете, журнале) - * it on page 3 помести это на третьей странице > to * ball (американизм) начинать > to * ball with smb., to * catch with smb. (американизм) вести себя честно;
сотрудничать с кем-л.;
задабривать, умасливать кого-л. > to * the game поступать честно, порядочно > to * a loosing game вести безнадежную игру > to * a waiting game выжидать, использовать выжидательную тактику > to * a winning game играть /бить/ наверняка > to * games with smb. (американизм) обманывать кого-л., мошенничать;
натравливать друг на друга > to * the dozens( американизм) поносить /порочить/ родителей > to * silly buggers, to * the (giddy) goat дурачиться, идиотничать > to * the old soldier строить из себя бывалого человека;
прикидываться больным, немощным;
клянчить( деньги, выпивку) > to * it by ear принимать решение на месте;
действовать /поступать/ в зависимости от обстоятельств > to * jackal to smb. выполнять за кого-л. черную работу > to * one's cards well поступать умно;
хорошо использовать (свои) возможности /обстоятельства/ > to * the wrong card сделать неверный ход > to * for time пытаться выиграть время;
тянуть /оттягивать/ время > to * into the hands of smb. сыграть кому-л. на руку > to * havoc /hell, the devil, the deuce, the dickens, Old Harry, the bear, the mischief/ сеять панику /смуту/;
причинять вред;
опустошать, разорять, губить, коверкать, разрушать;
испортить всю музыку;
перевернуть все вверх дном > to * to the gallery работать на публику, искать дешевую популярность > to * with edged tools играть с огнем > to * a trick on smb. надуть /обмануть/ кого-л.;
скверно поступить с кем-л. > to * tricks with вмешаться и испортить > to * it low on smb. поступить по отношению к кому-л. низко /бесчестно, подло/ > to * fast and loose действовать безответственно;
быть ненадежным > to * (a good) knife and fork (устаревшее) есть с аппетитом > to * both ends against the middle натравливать (две) соперничающие группы друг на друга в собственных интересах;
рисковать ~ игра;
забава, шутка;
to be at play играть;
they are at play они играют;
out of play вне игры ~ off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей;
play on = play upon;
play out: to be played out выдыхаться ~ исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение) ;
she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты;
the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт ~ порхать, носиться;
танцевать;
butterflies play among flowers среди цветов порхают бабочки ~ играть, резвиться, забавляться;
the cat plays with its tail кошка играет со своим хвостом the piano plays well у этого рояля хороший звук;
the drama plays well эта драма очень сценична end ~ тех. осевой люфт end ~ шахм. эндшпиль ~ приводить в действие, пускать;
to play a record поставить пластинку;
the engine was played off запустили мотор ~ тех. зазор;
игра;
люфт;
свободный ход;
шатание (части механизма, прибора) ;
fair play честная игра;
честность;
foul play подлое поведение;
обман ~ свобода, простор;
to give free play to one's imagination дать полный простор своему воображению ~ пьеса, драма;
представление, спектакль;
to go to the play идти в театр ~ подходить для игры, быть в хорошем состоянии;
the ground plays well спортивная площадка в хорошем состоянии guided ~ игра под наблюдением тренера ~ сыграть (шутку), разыграть;
he played a practical joke on us он над нами подшутил ~ играть на музыкальном инструменте;
he plays the violin он играет на скрипке ~ играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре;
to play tennis играть в теннис;
I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона to come into ~ начать действовать;
in full play в действии, в разгаре ~ шутка;
a play on words игра слов, каламбур;
in play в шутку ~ переливаться, играть;
мелькать;
lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния;
a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка ~ игра;
забава, шутка;
to be at play играть;
they are at play они играют;
out of play вне игры the piano plays well у этого рояля хороший звук;
the drama plays well эта драма очень сценична play азартная игра ~ диал. бастовать;
play along подыгрывать, поддакивать ~ бить (о фонтане) ~ давать представление (о труппе) ~ дать (время) (рыбе) хорошо клюнуть (тж. перен.) ~ действие, деятельность;
to bring (или to call) into play приводить в действие, пускать в ход ~ диал. забастовка ~ тех. зазор;
игра;
люфт;
свободный ход;
шатание (части механизма, прибора) ;
fair play честная игра;
честность;
foul play подлое поведение;
обман ~ игра;
забава, шутка;
to be at play играть;
they are at play они играют;
out of play вне игры ~ играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to play in favour( of smb., smth.) благоприятствовать( кому-л., чему-л.) ~ играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре;
to play tennis играть в теннис;
I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона ~ играть, резвиться, забавляться;
the cat plays with its tail кошка играет со своим хвостом ~ играть в азартные игры ~ играть на музыкальном инструменте;
he plays the violin он играет на скрипке ~ играть роль (кого-л.), быть (кем-л.) ;
to play the man поступать, как подобает мужчине ~ тех. иметь люфт ~ исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение) ;
she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты;
the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт ~ направлять (свет и т. п.;
on, over, along - на что-л.) ;
обстреливать (on, upon) ;
to play a searchlight upon a boat направить прожектор на лодку ~ спорт. отбивать, подавать (мяч) ~ переливаться, играть;
мелькать;
lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния;
a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка ~ переливы, игра;
play of colours переливы красок;
play of the waves плеск волн ~ подходить для игры, быть в хорошем состоянии;
the ground plays well спортивная площадка в хорошем состоянии ~ порхать, носиться;
танцевать;
butterflies play among flowers среди цветов порхают бабочки ~ поступать, действовать;
to play fair поступать честно;
to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать ~ приводить в действие, пускать;
to play a record поставить пластинку;
the engine was played off запустили мотор ~ принимать в игру (игрока) ~ пьеса, драма;
представление, спектакль;
to go to the play идти в театр ~ свобода, простор;
to give free play to one's imagination дать полный простор своему воображению ~ свободно владеть;
to play a good stick хорошо драться на шпагах;
to play a good knife and fork уписывать за обе щеки;
есть с аппетитом ~ сыграть (шутку), разыграть;
he played a practical joke on us он над нами подшутил ~ ходить (шашкой, картой) ~ шутка;
a play on words игра слов, каламбур;
in play в шутку ~ свободно владеть;
to play a good stick хорошо драться на шпагах;
to play a good knife and fork уписывать за обе щеки;
есть с аппетитом to ~ guns upon the fort обстреливать форт;
to play a hose поливать водой из пожарного рукава ~ приводить в действие, пускать;
to play a record поставить пластинку;
the engine was played off запустили мотор ~ направлять (свет и т. п.;
on, over, along - на что-л.) ;
обстреливать (on, upon) ;
to play a searchlight upon a boat направить прожектор на лодку ~ диал. бастовать;
play along подыгрывать, поддакивать ~ around манипулировать, подтасовывать ~ around разг. флиртовать, заводить любовную интрижку to ~ safe действовать наверняка;
to play ball разг. сотрудничать to ~ both ends against the middle в собственных интересах натравливать друг на друга соперничающие группы ~ поступать, действовать;
to play fair поступать честно;
to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать to ~ (smb.) up амер. использовать;
to play for time оттягивать время, пытаться выиграть время ~ поступать, действовать;
to play fair поступать честно;
to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать to ~ guns upon the fort обстреливать форт;
to play a hose поливать водой из пожарного рукава to ~ hell (или the devilthe mischief) разрушать, губить;
to play one's cards well использовать обстоятельства наилучшим образом ~ играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to play in favour (of smb., smth.) благоприятствовать (кому-л., чему-л.) to ~ one's hand for all it is worth полностью использовать обстоятельства;
пустить в ход все средства;
to play into the hands (of smb.) сыграть на руку (кому-л.) to ~ it low (on smb.) разг. подло поступить по отношению (к кому-л.) ;
to play politics вести политическую игру ~ переливы, игра;
play of colours переливы красок;
play of the waves плеск волн ~ переливы, игра;
play of colours переливы красок;
play of the waves плеск волн ~ off выдавать( за что-л.) ~ off заставлять (кого-л.) проявить себя с невыгодной стороны ~ off натравливать (against - на) ;
to play off one against another стравливать (кого-л.) в своих интересах, противопоставлять одно (или одного) другому ~ off разыгрывать (кого-л.) ~ off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей;
play on = play upon;
play out: to be played out выдыхаться ~ off натравливать (against - на) ;
to play off one against another стравливать (кого-л.) в своих интересах, противопоставлять одно (или одного) другому ~ off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей;
play on = play upon;
play out: to be played out выдыхаться ~ шутка;
a play on words игра слов, каламбур;
in play в шутку to ~ hell (или the devilthe mischief) разрушать, губить;
to play one's cards well использовать обстоятельства наилучшим образом to ~ one's hand for all it is worth полностью использовать обстоятельства;
пустить в ход все средства;
to play into the hands (of smb.) сыграть на руку (кому-л.) ~ off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей;
play on = play upon;
play out: to be played out выдыхаться to ~ it low (on smb.) разг. подло поступить по отношению (к кому-л.) ;
to play politics вести политическую игру to ~ safe действовать наверняка;
to play ball разг. сотрудничать ~ играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре;
to play tennis играть в теннис;
I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона ~ играть роль (кого-л.), быть (кем-л.) ;
to play the man поступать, как подобает мужчине ~ up вести себя мужественно, героически to ~ (smb.) up амер. использовать;
to play for time оттягивать время, пытаться выиграть время to ~ (smb.) up капризничать, приставать ~ up принимать деятельное участие( в разговоре, деле) to ~ (smb.) up разыгрывать (кого-л.) ~ up амер. рекламировать ~ up стараться играть как можно лучше;
play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах) ;
to play upon words каламбурить;
play up to подыгрывать;
перен. подлизываться ~ up стараться играть как можно лучше;
play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах) ;
to play upon words каламбурить;
play up to подыгрывать;
перен. подлизываться ~ off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей;
play on = play upon;
play out: to be played out выдыхаться ~ up стараться играть как можно лучше;
play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах) ;
to play upon words каламбурить;
play up to подыгрывать;
перен. подлизываться ~ up стараться играть как можно лучше;
play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах) ;
to play upon words каламбурить;
play up to подыгрывать;
перен. подлизываться ~ исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение) ;
she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты;
the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт ~ переливаться, играть;
мелькать;
lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния;
a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка ~ игра;
забава, шутка;
to be at play играть;
they are at play они играют;
out of play вне игры

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > play
14 play

play [pleɪ]

jeu ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (e), 1 (f), 1 (h), 1 (i) tour ⇒ 1 (c) stratagème ⇒ 1 (d) pièce (de théâtre) ⇒ 1 (g) intérêt ⇒ 1 (j) jouer à ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (h) jouer ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c), 2 (e)-(g), 2 (i)-(k), 3 (a)-(e), 3 (h) faire jouer ⇒ 2 (d) jouer de ⇒ 2 (m) mettre ⇒ 2 (n) s'amuser ⇒ 3 (a) se jouer ⇒ 3 (f)

1 noun

(a) (fun, recreation) jeu m;

∎ I like to watch the children at play j'aime regarder les enfants jouer;

∎ the aristocracy at play l'aristocratie en train de se détendre;

∎ to say sth in play dire qch en plaisantant ou pour rire;

∎ play on words jeu m de mots, calembour m

(b) Sport

∎ play starts at one o'clock le match commence à une heure;

∎ play on the centre court is starting le match sur le court central commence;

∎ after some very boring play in the first half… après une première mi-temps très ennuyeuse…;

∎ there was some nice play from Brooks Brooks a réussi de belles actions ou a bien joué;

∎ to keep the ball in play garder la balle en jeu;

∎ out of play sorti, hors jeu;

∎ rain stopped play la partie a été interrompue par la pluie;

∎ American she scored off a passing play elle a marqué un but après une combinaison de passes;

∎ American the coach calls the plays l'entraîneur choisit les combinaisons

(c) (turn) tour m;

∎ whose play is it? c'est à qui de jouer?

(d) (manoeuvre) stratagème m;

∎ it was a play to get money/their sympathy c'était un stratagème pour obtenir de l'argent/pour s'attirer leur sympathie;

∎ he is making a play for the presidency il se lance dans la course à la présidence;

∎ she made a play for my boyfriend elle a fait des avances à mon copain

(e) (gambling) jeu m;

∎ I lost heavily at last night's play j'ai perdu gros au jeu hier soir

(f) (activity, interaction) jeu m;

∎ the result of a complex play of forces le résultat d'un jeu de forces complexe;

∎ to come into play entrer en jeu;

∎ to bring sth into play mettre qch en jeu

(g) Theatre pièce f (de théâtre);

∎ Shakespeare's plays les pièces fpl ou le théâtre de Shakespeare;

∎ to be in a play jouer dans une pièce;

∎ it's been ages since I've seen or gone to see a play ça fait des années que je ne suis pas allé au théâtre;

∎ radio play pièce f radiophonique;

∎ television play dramatique f

(h) Technology (slack, give) jeu m;

∎ there's too much play in the socket il y a trop de jeu dans la douille;

∎ give the rope more play donnez plus de mou à la corde;

∎ figurative to give or to allow full play to sth donner libre cours à qch

(i) (of sun, colours) jeu m;

∎ I like the play of light and shadow in his photographs j'aime les jeux d'ombre et de lumière dans ses photos

(j) familiar (attention, interest) intérêt^□ m;

∎ the summit meeting is getting a lot of media play les médias font beaucoup de tapage ou battage autour de ce sommet;

∎ in my opinion she's getting far too much play à mon avis, on s'intéresse beaucoup trop à elle^□ ;

∎ they made a lot of play or a big play about his war record ils ont fait tout un plat de son passé militaire

2 transitive verb

(a) (games, cards) jouer à;

∎ to play football/tennis jouer au football/tennis;

∎ to play poker/chess jouer au poker/aux échecs;

∎ to play hide-and-seek jouer à cache-cache;

∎ the children were playing dolls/soldiers les enfants jouaient à la poupée/aux soldats;

∎ how about playing some golf after work? si on faisait une partie de golf après le travail?;

∎ do you play any sports? pratiquez-vous un sport?;

∎ squash is played indoors le squash se pratique en salle;

∎ to play the game Sport jouer selon les règles; figurative jouer le jeu;

∎ I won't play his game je ne vais pas entrer dans son jeu;

∎ she's playing games with you elle te fait marcher;

∎ familiar to play it cool ne pas s'énerver^□, garder son calme^□ ;

∎ American to play favorites faire du favoritisme;

∎ to play sb for a fool rouler qn;

∎ familiar the meeting's next week, how shall we play it? la réunion aura lieu la semaine prochaine, quelle va être notre stratégie?^□ ;

∎ to play it safe ne pas prendre de risque, jouer la sécurité

(b) (opposing player or team) jouer contre, rencontrer;

∎ Italy plays Brazil in the finals l'Italie joue contre ou rencontre le Brésil en finale;

∎ I played him at chess j'ai joué aux échecs avec lui;

∎ he will play Karpov il jouera contre Karpov;

∎ I'll play you for the drinks je vous joue les consommations

(c) (match) jouer, disputer;

∎ to play a match against sb disputer un match avec ou contre qn;

∎ how many tournaments has he played this year? à combien de tournois a-t-il participé cette année?;

∎ the next game will be played on Sunday la prochaine partie aura lieu dimanche

(d) (include on the team → player) faire jouer;

∎ the coach didn't play her until the second half l'entraîneur ne l'a fait entrer (sur le terrain) qu'à la deuxième mi-temps

(e) (card, chess piece) jouer;

∎ to play spades/trumps jouer pique/atout;

∎ how should I play this hand? comment devrais-je jouer cette main?;

∎ she played her ace elle a joué son as; figurative elle a abattu sa carte maîtresse;

∎ figurative he plays his cards close to his chest il cache son jeu

(f) (position) jouer;

∎ he plays winger/defence il joue ailier/en défense

(g) (shot, stroke) jouer;

∎ she played a chip shot to the green elle a fait un coup coché jusque sur le green;

∎ try playing your backhand more essayez de faire plus de revers;

∎ to play a six iron (in golf) jouer un fer numéro six;

∎ he played the ball to me il m'a envoyé la balle

(h) (gamble on → stock market, slot machine) jouer à;

∎ to play the horses jouer aux courses;

∎ to play the property market spéculer sur le marché immobilier;

∎ he played the red/the black il a misé sur le rouge/le noir

(i) (joke, trick)

∎ to play a trick/joke on sb jouer un tour/faire une farce à qn;

∎ your memory's playing tricks on you votre mémoire vous joue des tours

(j) Cinema & Theatre (act → role, part) jouer, interpréter;

∎ Cressida was played by Joan Dobbs le rôle de Cressida était interprété par Joan Dobbs;

∎ who played the godfather in Coppola's movie? qui jouait le rôle du parrain dans le film de Coppola?;

∎ figurative to play a part or role in sth prendre part ou contribuer à qch;

∎ an affair in which prejudice plays its part une affaire dans laquelle les préjugés entrent pour beaucoup ou jouent un rôle important

(k) Cinema & Theatre (perform at → theatre, club)

∎ they played Broadway last year ils ont joué à Broadway l'année dernière;

∎ 'Othello' is playing the Strand for another week 'Othello' est à l'affiche du Strand pendant encore une semaine;

∎ he's now playing the club circuit il se produit maintenant dans les clubs

(l) (act as)

∎ to play the fool faire l'idiot ou l'imbécile;

∎ some doctors play God il y a des médecins qui se prennent pour Dieu sur terre;

∎ to play host to sb recevoir qn;

∎ to play the hero jouer les héros;

∎ one played the heavy while the other asked the questions l'un jouait les méchants tandis que l'autre posait les questions;

∎ don't play the wise old professor with me! ce n'est pas la peine de jouer les grands savants avec moi!;

∎ British familiar play the white man! sois sympa!

(m) (instrument) jouer de; (note, melody, waltz) jouer;

∎ to play the violin jouer du violon;

∎ to play the blues jouer du blues;

∎ they're playing our song/Strauss ils jouent notre chanson/du Strauss;

∎ to play scales on the piano faire des gammes au piano

(n) (put on → record, tape) passer, mettre; (→ radio) mettre, allumer; (→ tapedeck, jukebox) faire marcher;

∎ don't play the stereo so loud ne mets pas la chaîne si fort;

∎ he's in his room playing records il écoute des disques dans sa chambre;

∎ can you play some Pink Floyd? tu peux mettre quelque chose des Pink Floyd?;

∎ I'll play the first side British again or American over for you je vous repasse ou je vous fais réécouter la première face

(o) (direct → beam, nozzle) diriger (on sur);

∎ he played his torch over the cave walls il promena le faisceau de sa lampe sur les murs de la grotte

(p) (fish) fatiguer

(q) American (idiom)

∎ to play both ends against the middle jouer sur les deux tableaux

3 intransitive verb

(a) (amuse oneself) jouer, s'amuser; (frolic → children, animals) folâtrer, s'ébattre;

∎ I like to work hard and play hard quand je travaille, je travaille, quand je m'amuse, je m'amuse;

∎ he didn't mean to hurt you, he was only playing il ne voulait pas te faire de mal, c'était juste pour jouer;

∎ don't play on the street! ne jouez pas dans la rue!;

∎ to play with dolls/with guns jouer à la poupée/à la guerre

(b) Sport jouer;

∎ to play well/badly/regularly jouer bien/mal/régulièrement;

∎ to play against sb/a team jouer contre qn/une équipe;

∎ to play in goal être goal;

∎ it's her (turn) to play c'est à elle de jouer, c'est (à) son tour;

∎ to play in a tournament participer à un tournoi;

∎ he plays in the Italian team il joue dans l'équipe d'Italie;

∎ she played into the left corner elle a envoyé la balle dans l'angle gauche;

∎ try playing to his backhand essayez de jouer son revers;

∎ to play high/low (in cards) jouer une forte/basse carte;

∎ do you play? est-ce que tu sais jouer?;

∎ to play to win jouer pour gagner;

∎ to play dirty ne pas jouer franc jeu; figurative ne pas jouer le jeu;

∎ to play fair jouer franc jeu; figurative jouer le jeu;

∎ to play into sb's hands faire le jeu de qn;

∎ you're playing right into his hands! tu entres dans son jeu!;

∎ to play for time essayer de gagner du temps;

∎ to play safe ne pas prendre de risques, jouer la sécurité

(c) (gamble) jouer;

∎ to play high or for high stakes jouer gros (jeu);

∎ to play for drinks/for money jouer les consommations/de l'argent

(d) Music (person, band, instrument) jouer; (record) passer;

∎ I heard a guitar playing j'entendais le son d'une guitare;

∎ music played in the background (recorded) des haut-parleurs diffusaient de la musique d'ambiance; (band) un orchestre jouait en fond sonore;

∎ is that Strauss playing? est-ce que c'est du Strauss que l'on entend?;

∎ a radio was playing upstairs on entendait une radio en haut;

∎ the stereo was playing full blast on avait mis la chaîne à fond

(e) Cinema & Theatre (act) jouer;

∎ the last movie she played in le dernier film dans lequel elle a joué

(f) Cinema & Theatre (show, play, movie) se jouer;

∎ Hamlet is playing tonight on joue Hamlet ce soir;

∎ the movie is playing to full or packed houses le film fait salle comble;

∎ the same show has been playing there for five years cela fait cinq ans que le même spectacle est à l'affiche;

∎ now playing at all Park Cinemas actuellement dans toutes les salles (de cinéma) Park;

∎ what's playing at the Rex? qu'est-ce qui passe au Rex?;

∎ the company will be playing in the provinces la compagnie va faire une tournée en province

(g) (feign) faire semblant;

∎ to play dead faire le mort;

∎ to play innocent or familiar dumb faire l'innocent, jouer les innocents;

∎ familiar to play hard to get se faire désirer^□

(h) (breeze, sprinkler, light)

∎ to play (on) jouer (sur);

∎ sun played on the water le soleil jouait sur l'eau;

∎ a smile played on or about or over his lips un sourire jouait sur ses lèvres;

∎ lightning played across the sky le ciel était zébré d'éclairs

►► play area aire f de jeux

➲ play about intransitive verb

British (have fun → children) jouer, s'amuser; (frolic) s'ébattre, folâtrer;

∎ it's time he stopped playing about and settled down il est temps qu'il arrête de s'amuser et qu'il se fixe

➲ play about with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (fiddle with, tamper with)

∎ to play about with sth jouer avec ou tripoter qch;

∎ stop playing about with the aerial arrête de jouer avec ou de tripoter l'antenne;

∎ I don't think we should be playing about with genes à mon avis, on ne devrait pas s'amuser à manipuler les gènes

(b) (juggle → statistics, figures) jouer avec; (consider → possibilities, alternatives) envisager, considérer;

∎ I'll play about with the figures and see if I can come up with something more reasonable je vais jouer un peu avec les chiffres et voir si je peux suggérer quelque chose de plus raisonnable;

∎ she played about with several endings for her novel elle a essayé plusieurs versions pour le dénouement de son roman

(c) familiar (trifle with)

∎ to play about with sb faire marcher qn

➲ play along

1 separable transitive verb

(tease, deceive) faire marcher

2 intransitive verb

(cooperate) coopérer;

∎ to play along with sb or with sb's plans entrer dans le jeu de qn;

∎ you'd better play along tu as tout intérêt à te montrer coopératif

➲ play around intransitive verb

(a) = play about

(b) familiar (have several lovers) coucher à droite et à gauche

➲ play around with = play about with

➲ play at inseparable transitive verb

(a) (of child) jouer à;

∎ to play at cops and robbers jouer aux gendarmes et aux voleurs;

∎ familiar just what do you think you're playing at? à quoi tu joues exactement?

(b) (dabble in → politics, journalism) faire en dilettante;

∎ you're just playing at being an artist tu joues les artistes;

∎ you can't play at being a revolutionary tu ne peux pas t'improviser révolutionnaire

➲ play back separable transitive verb

(cassette, film) repasser;

∎ play the last ten frames back repassez les dix dernières images

➲ play by separable transitive verb

familiar

∎ play it by me again reprenez votre histoire depuis le début^□

➲ play down separable transitive verb

(role, victory) minimiser; (problem) dédramatiser;

∎ we've been asked to play down the political aspects of the affair on nous a demandé de ne pas insister sur le côté politique de l'affaire;

∎ her book rightly plays down the conspiracy theory son livre minimise à juste titre la thèse du complot

➲ play in separable transitive verb

(a) (in basketball)

∎ to play the ball in remettre la balle en jeu

(b) British figurative

∎ to play oneself in s'habituer, se faire la main

(c) (with music) accueillir en musique

➲ play off intransitive verb

(teams, contestants) disputer un match de barrage

➲ play off against separable transitive verb

∎ he played Neil off against his father il a monté Neil contre son père;

∎ he played his enemies off against each other il a monté ses ennemis l'un contre l'autre

➲ play on

1 inseparable transitive verb

(weakness, naivety, trust, feelings) jouer sur;

∎ his political strength comes from playing on people's fears il tire sa force politique de sa capacité à jouer sur la peur des gens;

∎ the waiting began to play on my nerves l'attente commençait à me porter sur les nerfs;

∎ the title plays on a line from Shakespeare le titre est un jeu de mots sur une phrase de Shakespeare

2 intransitive verb

continuer à jouer;

∎ the referee waved them to play on l'arbitre leur fit signe de continuer à jouer

➲ play out separable transitive verb

(a) (enact → scene) jouer; (→ fantasy) satisfaire;

∎ the events being played out on the world's stage les événements qui se déroulent dans le monde;

∎ the drama was played out between rioters and police les incidents ont eu lieu entre les émeutiers et les forces de police

(b) (usu passive) familiar (exhaust) to be played out (person, horse etc) être vanné ou éreinté^□ ; (idea) être vieux jeu^□ ou démodé^□ ; (story) avoir perdu tout intérêt^□

(c) (with music)

∎ they were played out to the strains of… leur départ a été accompagné par l'air de…

➲ play through intransitive verb

Golf dépasser d'autres joueurs;

∎ may we play through? vous permettez que nous vous dépassions?

➲ play up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (exaggerate → role, importance) exagérer; (stress) souligner, insister sur;

∎ in the interview, play up your sales experience pendant l'entretien, mettez en avant ou insistez sur votre expérience de la vente;

∎ his speech played up his working-class background son discours mettait l'accent sur ses origines populaires;

∎ the press played up her divorce la presse a monté son divorce en épingle

(b) British familiar (bother) tracasser^□ ;

∎ my back is playing me up mon dos me joue encore des tours;

∎ don't let the kids play you up ne laissez pas les enfants vous marcher sur les pieds

2 intransitive verb

British familiar (car, child, TV, machine etc) faire des siennes;

∎ my back is playing up mon dos me joue encore des tours

➲ play up to inseparable transitive verb

familiar

∎ to play up to sb (flatter) faire de la lèche à qn

➲ play upon inseparable transitive verb

= play on¹

➲ play with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (toy with → pencil, hair) jouer avec;

∎ he was playing with the radio dials il jouait avec les boutons de la radio;

∎ he only played with his food il a à peine touché à son assiette;

∎ figurative to play with fire jouer avec le feu

(b) (manipulate → words) jouer sur; (→ rhyme, language) manier;

∎ she plays with language in bold and startling ways elle manipule la langue avec une audace saisissante

(c) (consider → idea) caresser;

∎ he played with the idea for weeks before rejecting it il a caressé l'idée pendant des semaines avant de l'abandonner;

∎ we're playing with the idea of buying a house nous pensons à acheter une maison;

∎ here are a few suggestions to play with voici quelques suggestions que je soumets à votre réflexion

(d) (treat casually)

∎ to play with sb's affections jouer avec les sentiments de qn;

∎ don't you see he's just playing with you? tu ne vois pas qu'il se moque de toi ou qu'il te fait marcher?

(e) (have available → money, time) disposer de;

∎ how much time have we got to play with? de combien de temps disposons-nous?;

∎ they've got $2 million to play with ils disposent de deux millions de dollars

(f) familiar

∎ to play with oneself (masturbate) se toucher

ⓘ Play it again Sam Cette formule célèbre ("joue-le encore, Sam"), que l'on attribue au film Casablanca, n'est en fait pas prononcée dans le film. Le personnage incarné par Ingrid Bergman dit au pianiste du Rick's Bar play it once Sam, for old times' sake ("joue-le une fois, Sam, en souvenir du bon vieux temps"). Aujourd'hui on utilise cette formule en allusion au film lorsque l'on demande à quelqu'un de refaire quelque chose, et particulièrement lorsqu'il s'agit de rejouer un air de musique.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > play
15 play

plei 1. verb
1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) leke

2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) spille

3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) spille, opptre i/som

4) ((of a play etc) to be performed: `Oklahoma' is playing at the local theatre.) oppføres, gå

5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) spille

6) ((usually with on) to carry out or do (a trick): He played a trick on me.) spille (noen) et puss

7) ((usually with at) to compete against (someone) in a game etc: I'll play you at tennis.) spille mot

8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) spille, blafre

9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) rette mot

10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) spille ut
2. noun
1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) lek(ing), underholdning

2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) skuespill, drama, teaterstykke

3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) spill

4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) spillerom, klaring

•

- player
- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up

lek
--------
leke
--------
spill
--------
spille
--------
spøk

I
subst. \/pleɪ\/

1) lek, leking, spill

• full of play

full av lek

2) spøk, tull

3) ordspill

4) ( i spill) tur

• it's your play

det er din tur

5) hasardspill, gambling, spill

• high play

høyt spill

6) spill, fremførelse, forestilling

7) skuespill, teaterstykke, drama

• as good as a play

rene skuespillet

• let's go to a play!

vi går på teater!

8) spill

• the play of the muscles

musklenes spill

• play of colours

fargespill

• play of features

minespill

• the play of sunlight upon the water

solens spill på vannet

9) bevegelse, gang, virksomhet, aktivitet

10) spillerom, armslag

11) slark, klaring, rom, slakk

• give the rope more play

slakke på tauet, fire ut mer tau

12) arbeidsstans, arbeidsnedleggelse

13) (amerikansk fotball, også play offensive)

angrepsplan

allow\/give something full play la noe få fritt spillerom, la noe få utvikle seg fritt

• give one's powers full play

gi sine evner fritt utløp, la sine evner få utvikle seg uhindret

at play som deltar i lek

be at play delta i lek

be in full play være i full gang

bring into play sette i bevegelse, sette i gang

call into play sette i bevegelse, sette i gang, mobilisere, utvikle sette inn, spille inn, gjøre seg gjeldende

child's play se ➢ child

come into play eller be brought into play eller be called into play komme i gang, tre i kraft, gjøre seg gjeldende gjøre seg gjeldende, spille inn

dirty play skittent spill, stygt spill (i sport)

fair play fair play, ærlig spill

free play eller full play fritt spillerom, fritt utløp full handlefrihet

hold\/keep somebody in play holde noen sysselsatt

in play på spøk, på tull

• I only said it in play

jeg sa det bare på spøk

i lek, som lek ( om ball) i spill

make a play for ( slang) forsøke å sjekke opp

• make a play for a girl

forsøke å sjekke opp en jente

( slang) forsøke å vinne til seg, bearbeide

• make a play for new markets

bearbeide nye markeder

make play with gjøre et stort nummer av, kokettere med, bruke til å vise seg

out of play ( om ball) død, ute av spill, ute

place a play få satt opp et stykke

play fair with være renhårig mot

play on words ordspill

see fair play se til at det går riktig for seg

slow play ( sport) langsomt spill
II
verb \/pleɪ\/

1) leke

• play hide-and-seek

leke gjemsel

• play Indians

leke indianer

• what shall we play?

hva skal vi leke?

• play pirates

leke sjørøvere

2) (om sport og spill, også overført) spille

• let's play cards!

la oss spille kort!

• we played a board game

vi spilte et brettspill

• black to play

svart har spillet

3) ( sport) spille mot noen, spille mot et lag

4) spille, beherske (om musikkinstrument), fremføre, lyde (om selve instrumentet)

• do you play the piano?

spiller du piano?, kan du spille piano?

• she plays several instruments

hun behersker flere instrumenter

• she played a sonata

hun spilte en sonate, hun fremførte en sonate

• the organ is playing

orgelet spiller, orgelet lyder

• the organist played the congregation out

organisten spilte utgangssalmen

5) (om CD, CD-spiller e.l.) spille

• we sat at home playing CDs

vi satt hjemme og spilte CDer

6) spille (om rolle, drama, forestilling), fremføre (om drama), spille i\/på (om sted)

• play a farce

fremføre\/spille en farse

• play the gentleman

spille gentleman

• they played to a full house

de spilte for en fullsatt sal

• Hamlet is now playing at the Haymarket

Hamlet spilles nå på Haymarket

• they played all the major cities

de hadde forestillinger\/konserter i alle storbyene

7) spille, spille ut (om kort), flytte (om brikke)

8) ( i spill) vedde, by, gamble

9) ( om lys) leke, spille, skimre

• the lights played over their faces

lyset spilte over ansiktene deres

10) være i gang, være i funksjon

• the fountains play every Sunday

fontenene er på hver søndag

11) ( overført) leke

• his fancy played round the idea of moving abroad

han lekte med tanken på å flytte utenlands

• a smile played on his lips

det lekte et smil rundt munnen hans

• the wind played on the waves

vinden lekte i bølgene

12) (hverdagslig, spesielt ved streik) gå ledig

13) ( slang) samarbeide, være med, stille opp

14) (i sport, om ball eller slag) slå

15) rette, sikte, holde i gang

• play a hose on the fire

rette en brannslange mot flammene

play about løpe omkring og leke

• the children were playing about

barna løp omkring og lekte

opptre uansvarlig, tulle

• stop playing about!

slutt å tulle!

play about with leke med, klå på, fingre på, pille på

play along late som om en samarbeider

play a part spille en rolle ( overført) spille komedie

play around ha mange kjærlighetsforhold, flørte

• play around with somebody's affections

leke med noens følelser

være utro være promiskuøs

play at gjøre\/gjennomføre halvhjertet late som

• just what are you playing at?

hva er det egentlig du driver med?

play a trick on bedra, lure, narre

play away spille bort

• play away a fortune

spille bort en formue

play back ( om lydopptak) spille gjennom, høre gjennom

play down bagatellisere, avdramatisere, tone ned, dysse ned

• play down a piece of news

avdramatisere en nyhet

• he played down his own part in the affair

han bagatelliserte sin egen rolle i saken

play down to the crowd ( overført) spille for galleriet

played out utbrent, utslitt, tappet for energi gått av moten, ikke lenger nyttig

• this theory is played out

den teorien har spilt ut sin rolle, denne teorien har ikke lenger noe for seg

oppbrukt, ferdig

• the matter is played out

saken er ferdig

play false ( om spill) spille falskt

play fast and loose with leke med, behandle skjødesløst

play fetch leke kast pinnen (med hund)

• our dog loves to play fetch with the children

play first begynne

play for somebody akkompagnere noen, kompe noen

play hard to get gjøre seg kostbar, spille kostbar

play into somebody's hands gi noen overtaket uforvarende

play it by the ear ta det som det kommer, ta noe som det faller seg

play it cool ta det rolig, ha is i magen

play it down on utnytte grovt snyte

play it low\/down on somebody ( hverdagslig) utnytte noen grovt ( hverdagslig) lure noen, bedra noen

play low spille med lave innsatser ( musikk) spille lavt

play off spille ekstra kamp for å avgjøre en uavgjort kamp

• the match will be played off next week

det blir omkamp neste uke

play on\/upon spille på, utnytte

• she played on her father's fear of mice to get a cat

hun spilte på sin fars redsel for mus for å få en katt

play one person off against another sette to personer opp mot hverandre

play oneself out bli utmattet, bli utbrent

• the old actor had played himself out

den gamle skuespilleren var utbrent

slite seg ut

play out spille ut, spille til ende bruke opp

play over spille gjennom

• play over a tape

spille gjennom en kassett

play safe gardere seg, seife, ikke ta sjanser

play somebody spille mot noen

• England played Brazil

England spilte mot Brasil

• he played his sister at chess

han spilte sjakk mot søsteren sin

• on Saturday France plays Wales at rugby

på lørdag møter Frankrike Wales i rugby

( i kamp e.l.) la noen spille, sette inn noen, plassere noen, stille opp noen

• England played Smith as goalkeeper

England plasserte Smith i mål

play somebody along lure\/villede noen (over tid)

play the field (amer., hverdagslig) more seg, flørte være rundbrenner, feie over så mange som mulig, ta for seg

play the fool eller act the fool oppføre seg som en idiot, dumme seg ut

play the game ( også overført) følge spillereglene

play up ( britisk) være plagsom, lage trøbbel, gjøre ugagn (om person), lage vanskeligheter ( britisk) gjøre vondt, være til besvær

• my bad leg is playing up again

det dårlige benet mitt begynner å verke igjen erte, irritere

• these children are playing me up

disse ungene går meg på nervene

sette alle krefter til

• play up, the Reds!

kom igjen, det røde laget!

legge vekt på, fokusere på, slå stort opp, blåse opp, reklamere for

• play up a new line of goods

drive reklame for et nytt varesalg

play up to somebody innsmigre seg hos noen, snakke noen etter munnen

• play up to one's teachers

innsmigre seg hos lærerne sine

( teater eller overført) spille opp til noen støtte noen, bakke opp noen

play up with ( slang) kullkaste, forpurre, ødelegge

play well ( om bane e.l.) være god å spille på

• the field plays well

banen er god å spille på

play with oneself ( forskjønnende) onanere, masturbere

English-Norwegian dictionary > play
16 play

[pleɪ]

play игра; забава, шутка; to be at play играть; they are at play они играют; out of play вне игры play off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей; play on = play upon; play out: to be played out выдыхаться play исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение); she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты; the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт play порхать, носиться; танцевать; butterflies play among flowers среди цветов порхают бабочки play играть, резвиться, забавляться; the cat plays with its tail кошка играет со своим хвостом the piano plays well у этого рояля хороший звук; the drama plays well эта драма очень сценична end play тех. осевой люфт end play шахм. эндшпиль play приводить в действие, пускать; to play a record поставить пластинку; the engine was played off запустили мотор play тех. зазор; игра; люфт; свободный ход; шатание (части механизма, прибора); fair play честная игра; честность; foul play подлое поведение; обман play свобода, простор; to give free play to one's imagination дать полный простор своему воображению play пьеса, драма; представление, спектакль; to go to the play идти в театр play подходить для игры, быть в хорошем состоянии; the ground plays well спортивная площадка в хорошем состоянии guided play игра под наблюдением тренера play сыграть (шутку), разыграть; he played a practical joke on us он над нами подшутил play играть на музыкальном инструменте; he plays the violin он играет на скрипке play играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре; to play tennis играть в теннис; I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона to come into play начать действовать; in full play в действии, в разгаре play шутка; a play on words игра слов, каламбур; in play в шутку play переливаться, играть; мелькать; lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния; a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка play игра; забава, шутка; to be at play играть; they are at play они играют; out of play вне игры the piano plays well у этого рояля хороший звук; the drama plays well эта драма очень сценична play азартная игра play диал. бастовать; play along подыгрывать, поддакивать play бить (о фонтане) play давать представление (о труппе) play дать (время) (рыбе) хорошо клюнуть (тж. перен.) play действие, деятельность; to bring (или to call) into play приводить в действие, пускать в ход play диал. забастовка play тех. зазор; игра; люфт; свободный ход; шатание (части механизма, прибора); fair play честная игра; честность; foul play подлое поведение; обман play игра; забава, шутка; to be at play играть; they are at play они играют; out of play вне игры play играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться (чем-л.); to play in favour (of smb., smth.) благоприятствовать (кому-л., чему-л.) play играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре; to play tennis играть в теннис; I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона play играть, резвиться, забавляться; the cat plays with its tail кошка играет со своим хвостом play играть в азартные игры play играть на музыкальном инструменте; he plays the violin он играет на скрипке play играть роль (кого-л.), быть (кем-л.); to play the man поступать, как подобает мужчине play тех. иметь люфт play исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение); she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты; the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт play направлять (свет и т. п.; on, over, along - на что-л.); обстреливать (on, upon); to play a searchlight upon a boat направить прожектор на лодку play спорт. отбивать, подавать (мяч) play переливаться, играть; мелькать; lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния; a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка play переливы, игра; play of colours переливы красок; play of the waves плеск волн play подходить для игры, быть в хорошем состоянии; the ground plays well спортивная площадка в хорошем состоянии play порхать, носиться; танцевать; butterflies play among flowers среди цветов порхают бабочки play поступать, действовать; to play fair поступать честно; to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать play приводить в действие, пускать; to play a record поставить пластинку; the engine was played off запустили мотор play принимать в игру (игрока) play пьеса, драма; представление, спектакль; to go to the play идти в театр play свобода, простор; to give free play to one's imagination дать полный простор своему воображению play свободно владеть; to play a good stick хорошо драться на шпагах; to play a good knife and fork уписывать за обе щеки; есть с аппетитом play сыграть (шутку), разыграть; he played a practical joke on us он над нами подшутил play ходить (шашкой, картой) play шутка; a play on words игра слов, каламбур; in play в шутку play свободно владеть; to play a good stick хорошо драться на шпагах; to play a good knife and fork уписывать за обе щеки; есть с аппетитом to play guns upon the fort обстреливать форт; to play a hose поливать водой из пожарного рукава play приводить в действие, пускать; to play a record поставить пластинку; the engine was played off запустили мотор play направлять (свет и т. п.; on, over, along - на что-л.); обстреливать (on, upon); to play a searchlight upon a boat направить прожектор на лодку play диал. бастовать; play along подыгрывать, поддакивать play around манипулировать, подтасовывать play around разг. флиртовать, заводить любовную интрижку to play safe действовать наверняка; to play ball разг. сотрудничать to play both ends against the middle в собственных интересах натравливать друг на друга соперничающие группы play поступать, действовать; to play fair поступать честно; to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать to play (smb.) up амер. использовать; to play for time оттягивать время, пытаться выиграть время play поступать, действовать; to play fair поступать честно; to play foul поступать нечестно, жульничать to play guns upon the fort обстреливать форт; to play a hose поливать водой из пожарного рукава to play hell (или the devilthe mischief) разрушать, губить; to play one's cards well использовать обстоятельства наилучшим образом play играть (на чем-л.), воспользоваться (чем-л.); to play in favour (of smb., smth.) благоприятствовать (кому-л., чему-л.) to play one's hand for all it is worth полностью использовать обстоятельства; пустить в ход все средства; to play into the hands (of smb.) сыграть на руку (кому-л.) to play it low (on smb.) разг. подло поступить по отношению (к кому-л.); to play politics вести политическую игру play переливы, игра; play of colours переливы красок; play of the waves плеск волн play переливы, игра; play of colours переливы красок; play of the waves плеск волн play off выдавать (за что-л.) play off заставлять (кого-л.) проявить себя с невыгодной стороны play off натравливать (against - на); to play off one against another стравливать (кого-л.) в своих интересах, противопоставлять одно (или одного) другому play off разыгрывать (кого-л.) play off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей; play on = play upon; play out: to be played out выдыхаться play off натравливать (against - на); to play off one against another стравливать (кого-л.) в своих интересах, противопоставлять одно (или одного) другому play off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей; play on = play upon; play out: to be played out выдыхаться play шутка; a play on words игра слов, каламбур; in play в шутку to play hell (или the devilthe mischief) разрушать, губить; to play one's cards well использовать обстоятельства наилучшим образом to play one's hand for all it is worth полностью использовать обстоятельства; пустить в ход все средства; to play into the hands (of smb.) сыграть на руку (кому-л.) play off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей; play on = play upon; play out: to be played out выдыхаться to play it low (on smb.) разг. подло поступить по отношению (к кому-л.); to play politics вести политическую игру to play safe действовать наверняка; to play ball разг. сотрудничать play играть (во что-л., на что-л.), участвовать в игре; to play tennis играть в теннис; I played him for championship я играл с ним на звание чемпиона play играть роль (кого-л.), быть (кем-л.); to play the man поступать, как подобает мужчине play up вести себя мужественно, героически to play (smb.) up амер. использовать; to play for time оттягивать время, пытаться выиграть время to play (smb.) up капризничать, приставать play up принимать деятельное участие (в разговоре, деле) to play (smb.) up разыгрывать (кого-л.) play up амер. рекламировать play up стараться играть как можно лучше; play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах); to play upon words каламбурить; play up to подыгрывать; перен. подлизываться play up стараться играть как можно лучше; play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах); to play upon words каламбурить; play up to подыгрывать; перен. подлизываться play off сыграть повторную партию после ничьей; play on = play upon; play out: to be played out выдыхаться play up стараться играть как можно лучше; play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах); to play upon words каламбурить; play up to подыгрывать; перен. подлизываться play up стараться играть как можно лучше; play upon играть (на чьих-л. чувствах); to play upon words каламбурить; play up to подыгрывать; перен. подлизываться play исполнять (роль, музыкальное произведение); she played Juliet она играла роль Джульетты; the boy played a concerto мальчик исполнял концерт play переливаться, играть; мелькать; lightning plays in the sky в небе сверкает молния; a smile played on his lips на его губах играла улыбка play игра; забава, шутка; to be at play играть; they are at play они играют; out of play вне игры

English-Russian short dictionary > play
17 play

1. noun
1) (Theatre) [Theater]stück, das

put on a play — ein Stück aufführen

2) (recreation) Spielen, das; Spiel, das

at play — beim Spielen

say/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun

play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das

3) (Sport) Spiel, das; (Amer.): (manoeuvre) Spielzug, der

a good piece of play — ein guter Spielzug

be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein

make a play for somebody/something — (fig. coll.) hinter jemandem/etwas her sein (ugs.); es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

4)

come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen

make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen

5) (freedom of movement) Spiel, das (Technik); (fig.) Spielraum, der

give full play to one's emotions/imagination — etc. (fig.) seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen

6) (rapid movement)

the play of light on water — das Spiel des Lichts auf Wasser
2. intransitive verb
1) spielen

play for money — um Geld spielen

have no one to play with — niemanden zum Spielen haben

play [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen

not have much time to play with — (coll.) zeitlich nicht viel Spielraum haben

play into somebody's hands — (fig.) jemandem in die Hand od. Hände arbeiten

play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen (ugs.)

play for time — Zeit gewinnen wollen

2) (Mus.) spielen (on auf + Dat.)
3. transitive verb
1) (Mus.): (perform on) spielen

play the violin — etc. Geige usw. spielen

play something on the piano — etc. etwas auf dem Klavier usw. spielen

play something by ear — etwas nach dem Gehör spielen

play it by ear — (fig.) es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen

2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]

3) (Theatre; also fig.) spielen

play a town — in einer Stadt spielen

play the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen

4) (execute, practise)

play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen (ugs.) /jemandem einen Streich spielen

5) (Sport, Cards) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]

play a match — einen Wettkampf bestreiten; (in team games) ein Spiel machen

he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner

play it safe — auf Nummer Sicher gehen

6) (Sport) ausführen [Schlag]; (Cricket etc.) schlagen [Ball]

7) (Cards) spielen

play one's cards right — (fig.) es richtig anfassen (fig.)

8) (coll.): (gamble on)

play the market — spekulieren (in mit od. Wirtsch. in + Dat.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/56069/play_about">play about

- play along

- play around

- play at

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play up

- play upon

* * *
[plei] 1. verb
1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) spielen

2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) spielen

3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) spielen

4) ((of a play etc) to be performed: `Oklahoma' is playing at the local theatre.) spielen

5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) spielen

6) ((usually with on) to carry out or do (a trick): He played a trick on me.) spielen

7) ((usually with at) to compete against (someone) in a game etc: I'll play you at tennis.) spielen

8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) spielen

9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) richten

10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) ausspielen
2. noun
1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) das Spiel

2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) das Schauspiel

3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) das Spiel

4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) der Spielraum

•

- player
- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up
* * *

play

[pleɪ]

I. NOUN

1. no pl (recreation) Spiel nt

to be at \play beim Spiel sein, spielen

to do sth in \play etw [nur] zum Spaß tun

it's only in \play es ist doch nur Spaß

2. no pl SPORT (game time) Spiel nt

rain stopped \play wegen des Regens wurde das Spiel unterbrochen

the start/close of \play der Beginn/das Ende des Spiels

to be in/out of \play im Spiel/im Aus sein

3. AM SPORT (move) Spielzug m

to make a bad/good \play ein schlechtes/gutes Spiel machen

a foul \play ein Foul[spiel] nt

4. THEAT [Theater]stück nt

to go to see a \play ins Theater gehen

one-act \play Einakter m

to put on [or stage] [or ( fam) do] a \play ein Stück inszenieren

radio \play Hörspiel nt

television \play Fernsehspiel nt, Fernsehfilm m

5. no pl (change)

the \play of emotion across his face revealed his conflict seine widerstreitenden Gefühle spiegelten sich in seinem Gesicht wider

the \play of light [on sth] das Spiel des Lichts [auf etw dat]

6. (freedom) Spielraum m; TECH Spiel nt

to allow [or give] sth full \play etw dat freien Lauf lassen

7. no pl (interaction) Zusammenspiel nt

to bring sth into \play etw ins Spiel bringen, etw einsetzen

to come into \play eine Rolle spielen

8. no pl ( old: gambling) Spielen nt

9. no pl (coverage) Medieninteresse nt, Aufmerksamkeit f in den Medien

to get a lot of \play das Interesse der Medien auf sich akk ziehen, Thema Nummer eins sein fam

10.

▶ to make a \play for sb/sth ( fam) sich akk an jdn/etw heranpirschen

▶ to make \play with sth mit etw dat spielen

▶ to make great \play of [or with] sth viel Aufhebens von etw dat machen

▶ \play on words Wortspiel nt

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (amuse oneself)

▪ to \play [somewhere] [irgendwo] spielen

can Jenny come out and \play? kann Jenny zum Spielen rauskommen?

to \play on the swings schaukeln

2. SPORT spielen

Leonora always \plays to win Leonora will immer gewinnen

to \play fair/rough fair/hart spielen

it wasn't really \playing fair not to tell her ( fig) es war nicht besonders fair, dass du ihr nichts gesagt hast

▪ to \play against sb gegen jdn spielen

they're a difficult team to \play against diese Mannschaft ist ein schwieriger Gegner

to \play for a city/team für eine Stadt/ein Team spielen

to \play in attack/defence in der Offensive/als Verteidiger/Verteidigerin spielen

to \play in goal den Torwart/die Torwartin spielen

to \play in the match am Spiel teilnehmen

3. actor spielen

‘Hamlet’ is \playing at the Guildhall in der Guildhall kommt zurzeit der ‚Hamlet‘

to \play opposite sb mit jdm [zusammen] spielen

to \play to a full house vor ausverkauftem Haus spielen

Macbeth \played to full houses die Macbeth-Vorstellungen waren immer ausverkauft

4. (musician) spielen; instrument ertönen

5. (move)

the searchlights \played across [or over] the facade die [Such]scheinwerfer strichen über die Fassade

we watched the light \playing on the water wir beobachteten das Spiel des Lichts auf dem Wasser

she could hear the fountain \playing sie hörte den Springbrunnen plätschern

a smile \played across [or on] [or over] his lips ein Lächeln spielte um seine Lippen

6. (gamble) spielen

to \play for fun zum Spaß [o ohne Einsatz] spielen

to \play for money um Geld spielen

7. ( fam: be received)

how will this \play with the voters? wie wird das bei den Wählern ankommen?

8. usu neg (cooperate) mitmachen

9. + adj (pretend)

to \play dumb sich akk taub stellen

10.

▶ to \play fast and loose with sb/sth mit jdm/bei etw dat ein falsches Spiel spielen

▶ to not be \playing with a full deck AM ( fam) nicht alle Tassen im Schrank haben fam

▶ to \play to the gallery billige Effekthascherei betreiben pej; politician populistische Stammtischparolen ausgeben pej

▶ to \play into sb's hands jdm in die Hände arbeiten

▶ to \play safe auf Nummer Sicher gehen fam

▶ to \play for time versuchen, Zeit zu gewinnen, auf Zeit spielen

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

1.

▪ to \play sth game etw spielen; position

Luke \plays centre forward/back Luke ist Mittelstürmer/Verteidiger

to \play a match ein Spiel bestreiten, spielen

2. (compete against)

▪ to \play sb gegen jdn spielen

James will be \playing Theo James wird gegen Theo antreten

3. (strike)

▪ to \play the ball den Ball spielen; (execute)

to \play a shot schießen; (in snooker) stoßen

to \play a stroke schlagen

4. (adopt)

to \play a part [or role] eine Rolle spielen

to \play an important part in sth bei etw dat eine wichtige Rolle spielen

5. (act)

▪ to \play sb/sth jdn/etw spielen; ( fig)

don't \play the innocent with me tu nicht so unschuldig

to \play the fool [or clown] herumalbern, rumspinnen pej fam, sich akk zum Narren machen

6. (function as)

to \play host to sb jds Gastgeber/Gastgeberin sein

to \play host to sth event etw ausrichten

7. (perform)

▪ to \play sth etw spielen

\play us a song [or a song for us] then! spiel uns ein Lied [vor]!

to \play sth by ear etw nach Gehör spielen

to \play it by ear ( fig fam) improvisieren

to \play an encore eine Zugabe geben

8. (perform on)

▪ to \play sth etw spielen

to \play the bagpipes/piano/violin Dudelsack/Klavier/Geige spielen

9. (perform at)

to play Berlin/London/San Francisco in Berlin/London/San Francisco spielen

10. (listen to)

▪ to \play sth CD, tape etw [ab]spielen

to \play the radio Radio hören

must you \play your radio loud? musst du dein Radio so laut stellen?

to \play one's stereo seine Anlage anhaben fam

11. (watch)

to \play a video sich dat ein Video ansehen; (insert) eine Videokassette einlegen

12. (broadcast)

they're \playing African music on the radio im Radio kommt gerade afrikanische Musik

13. (gamble)

to \play the horses auf Pferde wetten

to \play a slot machine an einem Spielautomaten spielen

to \play the stock market an der Börse spekulieren

14. (perpetrate)

to \play a trick [or joke] on sb jdn hochnehmen fig fam, jdn veräppeln fam; (practical joke) [jdm] einen Streich spielen

he's always \playing tricks der ist vielleicht ein Scherzkeks sl

15. (direct)

▪ to \play sth on [or onto] [or over] sth etw auf etw akk richten

the rescue team \played searchlights over the area das Rettungsteam ließ Scheinwerfer über die Gegend schweifen

16. CARDS (show)

to \play an ace/a king ein Ass/einen König [aus]spielen

to \play a trump einen Trumpf spielen

17. angler

to \play a fish einen Fisch auszappeln lassen (durch Nachlassen der Leine)

18. (treat)

▪ to \play sb for sth jdn wie etw behandeln

19.

▶ to \play ball [with sb] ( fam) [mit jdm] mitziehen [o mitspielen]

▶ to \play [with] one's cards close to one's chest ( fam) seine Karten nicht offenlegen fig

▶ to \play one's cards right geschickt taktieren

▶ to \play it cool ( fam) den Unbeteiligten spielen

▶ to \play ducks and drakes with sth BRIT (money) etw verprassen; (plans) etw durcheinanderbringen

▶ to \play ducks and drakes with sb BRIT jdn schlecht behandeln

▶ to \play sb false jdn hintergehen

▶ to \play second fiddle [to sb] [im Verhältnis zu jdm] die zweite Geige spielen fam

▶ to \play the field ( fam) sich akk umsehen

the firm continues to \play the field and negotiate with other companies die Firma sondiert das Terrain und verhandelt mit weiteren Firmen

▶ to \play footsie with sb ( fam: under table) mit jdm füßeln DIAL; (cooperate) mit jdm unter einer Decke stecken fam

▶ to \play the game BRIT sich akk an die [Spiel]regeln halten

▶ to \play gooseberry BRIT ( fam) das fünfte Rad am Wagen sein fam; (chaperone) den Anstandswauwau spielen hum fam

▶ to \play hard to get ( fam) sich akk unnahbar zeigen, einen auf unnahbar machen usu pej sl

▶ to \play hardball esp AM ( fam) andere Saiten aufziehen fig

▶ to \play havoc with sth etw durcheinanderbringen

▶ to \play [merry] hell with sth ( fam) etw völlig durcheinanderbringen

▶ to \play hook[e]y esp AM, AUS ( fam) blaumachen fam, schwänzen fam

▶ to \play a [or one's] hunch aus dem [hohlen] Bauch heraus agieren sl, seiner Nase folgen

▶ to \play possum (sleeping) sich akk schlafend stellen; (ignorant) sich akk dumm stellen

▶ to \play it safe auf Nummer Sicher gehen fam

▶ to \play silly buggers BRIT (sl) sich akk wie ein Idiot aufführen

▶ to \play truant [from school] BRIT schwänzen fam

* * *
[pleɪ]
1. n

1) (= amusement, gambling) Spiel nt

to be at play — beim Spielen sein

to do/say sth in play — etw aus Spaß tun/sagen

play on words — Wortspiel nt

children at play —

children learn through play he lost £800 in a few hours' play — Kinder lernen beim Spiel er hat beim Spiel innerhalb von ein paar Stunden £ 800 verloren

2) (SPORT) Spiel nt

to abandon play — das Spiel abbrechen

because of bad weather play was impossible — es konnte wegen schlechten Wetters nicht gespielt werden

in a clever piece of play, in a clever play (US) — in einem klugen Schachzug

there was some exciting play toward(s) the end — gegen Ende gab es einige spannende (Spiel)szenen

to be in play/out of play (ball) — im Spiel/im Aus sein

to kick the ball out of play — den Ball aus or ins Aus schießen

3) (TECH, MECH) Spiel nt

1 mm (of) play — 1 mm Spiel

4) (THEAT) (Theater)stück nt; (RAD) Hörspiel nt; (TV) Fernsehspiel nt

the plays of Shakespeare — Shakespeares Dramen

5) (fig: moving patterns) Spiel nt

6)

(fig phrases) to come into play — ins Spiel kommen

to give full play to one's imagination — seiner Fantasie or Phantasie (dat) freien Lauf lassen

the game allows the child's imagination (to be given) full play — das Spiel gestattet die freie Entfaltung der kindlichen Fantasie

to bring or call sth into play — etw aufbieten or einsetzen

the play of opposing forces — das Widerspiel der Kräfte

the free play of market forces — das freie Spiel der Marktkräfte

to make great play of sth (Brit) — viel Aufhebens von etw machen

to make great play of doing sth (Brit) — viel Wind darum machen, etw zu tun

to make a play for sb — sich um jdn bemühen

to make a play for sth — es auf etw (acc) abgesehen haben

2. vt

1) game, card, ball, position spielen; player aufstellen, einsetzen

to play sb (at a game) — gegen jdn (ein Spiel) spielen

to play ball (with sb) — (mit jdm) mitspielen

to play shop — (Kaufmanns)laden spielen, Kaufmann spielen

to play a joke on sb — jdm einen Streich spielen

to play a mean/dirty trick on sb — jdn auf gemeine/schmutzige Art hereinlegen

to play the company game — sich in der Firma profilieren wollen

they're all playing the game — die machen doch alle mit

See:

→ card

2) (THEAT fig) part spielen; (= perform in) town spielen in (+dat)

to play it safe — auf Nummer sicher gehen (inf)

to play it cautious/clever — vorsichtig/klug vorgehen

to play the fool — den Clown spielen, herumblödeln

he was playing the jealous lover — er spielte den eifersüchtigen Liebhaber

See:

→ cool

3) instrument, record, tune spielen

to play the piano — Klavier spielen

to play sth through/over — etw durchspielen

4) (= direct) lights, jet of water richten

5) (FISHING) drillen

3. vi

1) (esp child) spielen

to go out to play —

run away and play! — geh spielen!

can Johnny come out to play? — darf Johnny zum Spielen rauskommen?

he wouldn't play (fig inf) — er wollte nicht mitspielen (inf)

2) (SPORT at game = gamble) spielen

England plays against Scotland next week — England spielt nächste Woche gegen Schottland

he plays for Celtic — er spielt für Celtic

to play at mothers and fathers/cowboys and Indians — Vater und Mutter/Cowboy und Indianer spielen

to play at being a fireman — Feuerwehrmann spielen

he was playing at being angry — seine Wut war gespielt

play! — Anspiel!

to play in defence — in der Abwehr spielen

to play in goal — im Tor stehen

he's just playing at it — er tut nur so

what are you playing at? (inf) — was soll (denn) das? (inf)

to play for money — um Geld spielen

to play for time (fig) — Zeit gewinnen wollen

to play into sb's hands (fig) — jdm in die Hände spielen

to play to one's strengths — seine Stärken ausspielen

3) (MUS) spielen

to play to sb — jdm vorspielen

4) (= move about, form patterns) (sun, light, water) spielen; (fountain) tanzen

a smile played on his lips — ein Lächeln spielte um seine Lippen

the firemen's hoses played on the flames — die Schläuche der Feuerwehrmänner waren auf die Flammen gerichtet

the searchlights played over the roofs — die Suchscheinwerfer strichen über die Dächer

5) (THEAT) (= act) spielen; (= be performed) gespielt werden

6) (SPORT ground, pitch) sich bespielen lassen

the pitch plays well/badly — auf dem Platz spielt es sich gut/schlecht

* * *

play [pleı]

A s

1. (Glücks-, Wett-, Unterhaltungs) Spiel n ( auch SPORT)

2. Spiel(en) n:

children at play spielende Kinder;

watch children at play Kindern beim Spielen zusehen;

be at play

a) spielen,

b) Kartenspiel: am Ausspielen sein,

c) Schach: am Zug sein;

it is your play Sie sind am Spiel;

in (out of) play SPORT (noch) im Spiel (im Aus) (Ball);

keep the ball in play den Ball im Spiel halten;

the ball went out of play der Ball ging ins Aus;

hold in play fig beschäftigen;

have more of the play SPORT mehr vom Spiel haben, die größeren Spielanteile haben

3. Spiel(weise) n(f):

that was pretty play das war gut (gespielt);

fair play faires Spiel, a. fig Fairness f, Fairplay n, Anständigkeit f; → foul play

4. fig Spiel n, Spielerei f:

a play (up)on words ein Wortspiel

5. Kurzweil f, Vergnügen n, Zeitvertreib m

6. Scherz m, Spaß m:

in play im Scherz

7. a) Schauspiel n, (Theater-, Bühnen) Stück n

b) Vorstellung f:

go to a play ins Theater gehen;

(as) good as a play äußerst amüsant oder interessant

8. MUS Spiel n, Vortrag m

9. (Liebes) Spiel(e) n(pl), (erotisches) Spiel

10. fig Spiel n (von Licht auf Wasser etc):

play of colo(u)rs (muscles) Farben-(Muskel)spiel

11. (flinke) Handhabung (meist in Zusammensetzungen): → swordplay

12. Tätigkeit f, Bewegung f, Gang m:

bring ( oder put) into play

a) in Gang bringen,

b) ins Spiel oder zur Anwendung bringen, all seine Routine etc aufbieten;

come into play ins Spiel kommen;

make play

a) Wirkung haben,

b) seinen Zweck erfüllen;

make play with zur Geltung bringen, sich brüsten mit;

make great play of sth viel Aufheben(s) oder Wesens von etwas machen;

in full play in vollem Gange;

lively play of fantasy lebhafte Fantasie

13. a) TECH Spiel n:

give the rope some play das Seil locker lassen

b) Bewegungsfreiheit f, fig auch Spielraum m:

full play of the mind freie Entfaltung des Geistes;

allow ( oder give) full ( oder free) play to einer Sache, seiner Fantasie etc freien Lauf lassen

14. umg Manöver n, Trick m, Schachzug m:

make a play for sich bemühen um, es abgesehen haben auf (akk)

15. US sl

a) Beachtung f

b) Publizität f, Propaganda f

B v/i

1. a) spielen ( auch MUS, SPORT, THEAT und fig)( for um Geld etc)

b) mitspielen (auch fig mitmachen):

play at Ball, Karten etc spielen; fig sich nur so nebenbei mit etwas beschäftigen;

play at business ein bisschen in Geschäften machen;

play at keeping shop Kaufmann spielen;

play for time Zeit zu gewinnen suchen; SPORT auf Zeit spielen;

play for a cup einen Pokal ausspielen;

play to win auf Sieg spielen;

what do you think you are playing at? was soll denn das?;

play (up)on MUS auf einem Instrument spielen; mit Worten spielen; fig jemandes Schwächen (geschickt) ausnutzen;

play with spielen mit (a. fig einem Gedanken, jemandes Gefühlen etc; a. engS. herumfingern an);

play up to jemandem schöntun, sich bei jemandem einschmeicheln;

play safe umg auf Nummer sicher gehen;

he will not play again this season er fällt für den Rest der Saison aus; → fair¹ B 4, false B, gallery 3 a

2. a) Kartenspiel: ausspielen

b) Schach: am Zug sein, ziehen:

white to play Weiß zieht oder ist am Zuge

3. a) herumspielen, sich amüsieren

b) Unsinn treiben

c) scherzen

4. a) sich tummeln

b) flattern, gaukeln

c) spielen (Lächeln, Licht etc) (on auf dat)

d) schillern (Farbe)

e) in Betrieb sein (Springbrunnen)

5. a) schießen

b) spritzen

c) strahlen, streichen:

play on gerichtet sein auf (akk), bespritzen (Schlauch, Wasserstrahl), anstrahlen, absuchen (Scheinwerfer)

6. TECH

a) Spiel (-raum) haben

b) sich bewegen (Kolben etc)

7. be playing well SPORT gut bespielbar sein (Platz)

C v/t

1. Karten, Tennis etc, auch MUS, THEAT eine Rolle, ein Stück etc spielen, eine Nationalhymne abspielen, SPORT ein Spiel austragen:

play (sth on) the piano (etwas auf dem) Klavier spielen;

play sb sth jemandem etwas vorspielen;

play shop (pirates) Kaufmann (Piraten) spielen;

play the great lady sich als große Dame aufspielen;

play both ends against the middle fig vorsichtig lavieren, raffiniert vorgehen;

play it safe umg auf Nummer sicher gehen;

play it differently es anders handhaben oder machen;

play it low down sl ein gemeines Spiel treiben (on mit jemandem);

play the races bei (Pferde)Rennen wetten;

played out fig

a) erledigt‘, fertig, erschöpft,

b) verbraucht (Talent etc), abgetakelt (Schauspieler etc),

c) abgedroschen (Witz), überstrapaziert (These etc); (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven)

2. SPORT

a) antreten oder spielen gegen:

play sb at chess gegen jemanden Schach spielen

b) einen Spieler aufstellen, in die Mannschaft (auf)nehmen

3. a) eine Karte ausspielen (auch fig)

b) eine Schachfigur ziehen

4. spielen oder Vorstellungen geben in (dat):

play the larger cities

5. ein Geschütz, einen Scheinwerfer, einen Licht- oder Wasserstrahl etc richten (on auf akk):

play a hose on sth etwas bespritzen;

play colo(u)red lights on sth etwas bunt anstrahlen

6. FUSSB the ball played him das war angeschossene Hand

* * *
1. noun
1) (Theatre) [Theater]stück, das

put on a play — ein Stück aufführen

2) (recreation) Spielen, das; Spiel, das

at play — beim Spielen

say/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun

play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das

3) (Sport) Spiel, das; (Amer.): (manoeuvre) Spielzug, der

a good piece of play — ein guter Spielzug

be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein

make a play for somebody/something — (fig. coll.) hinter jemandem/etwas her sein (ugs.); es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

4)

come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen

make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen

5) (freedom of movement) Spiel, das (Technik); (fig.) Spielraum, der

give full play to one's emotions/imagination — etc. (fig.) seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen

6) (rapid movement)

the play of light on water — das Spiel des Lichts auf Wasser
2. intransitive verb
1) spielen

play for money — um Geld spielen

have no one to play with — niemanden zum Spielen haben

play [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen

not have much time to play with — (coll.) zeitlich nicht viel Spielraum haben

play into somebody's hands — (fig.) jemandem in die Hand od. Hände arbeiten

play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen (ugs.)

play for time — Zeit gewinnen wollen

2) (Mus.) spielen (on auf + Dat.)
3. transitive verb
1) (Mus.): (perform on) spielen

play the violin — etc. Geige usw. spielen

play something on the piano — etc. etwas auf dem Klavier usw. spielen

play something by ear — etwas nach dem Gehör spielen

play it by ear — (fig.) es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen

2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]

3) (Theatre; also fig.) spielen

play a town — in einer Stadt spielen

play the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen

4) (execute, practise)

play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen (ugs.) /jemandem einen Streich spielen

5) (Sport, Cards) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]

play a match — einen Wettkampf bestreiten; (in team games) ein Spiel machen

he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner

play it safe — auf Nummer Sicher gehen

6) (Sport) ausführen [Schlag]; (Cricket etc.) schlagen [Ball]

7) (Cards) spielen

play one's cards right — (fig.) es richtig anfassen (fig.)

8) (coll.): (gamble on)

play the market — spekulieren (in mit od. Wirtsch. in + Dat.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- play about

- play along

- play around

- play at

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play up

- play upon

* * *

(theatre) n.

Stück -e n.

Theaterstück n. n.

Schauspiel n.

Spiel -e (mechanisch) n.

Spiel -e n. (at) cards expr.

Karten spielen ausdr. v.

spielen v.

English-german dictionary > play
18 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
19 play

I [pleɪ]
nome

1) teatr. opera f. (teatrale), dramma m., pièce f., rappresentazione f.

a radio play — un dramma radiofonico

2) (amusement)

the sound of children at play — il rumore dei bambini che giocano

to learn through play — imparare giocando

3) sport

play starts at 9 — la partita comincia alle 9

there was no play today — oggi non hanno giocato

rain stopped play — la partita è stata interrotta a causa della pioggia

the ball is in play, out of play — la palla è, non è buona

there was some fine play from the Danish team — si è visto del bel gioco da parte dei danesi

4) fig. gioco m., azione f.

to come into play — entrare in gioco o in ballo

to bring new factors into play — tirare in ballo nuovi elementi

the play of light on the water — il gioco di luci sull'acqua

the free play of the imagination — il libero sfogo dell'immaginazione

a play on words — un gioco di parole

5) mecc. gioco m., agio m.

••

all work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy) — prov. = non c'è solo il lavoro nella vita

to make a play for sb. — colloq. = fare di tutto per attirare l'attenzione di qcn
II 1. [pleɪ]
verbo transitivo

1) (for amusement)

to play football, cards, hide and seek — giocare a calcio, a carte, a nascondino

to play sb. at chess, to play chess with sb. — giocare a scacchi con qcn.

to play a game of tennis with sb. — fare una partita a tennis con qcn.

to play a joke on sb. — fare uno scherzo a qcn

2) mus. suonare [instrument, symphony]

he will play a nationwide tour — sarà in tournée in tutto il paese

he's playing the jazz club on Monday — suonerà al jazz club lunedì

3) teatr. (act out) recitare, interpretare (il ruolo di), fare (la parte di)

to play a leading role in — fig. giocare un ruolo determinante in

4) (put on) mettere [tape, video, CD]

play me the record — fammi sentire il disco

to play music — mettere un po' di musica

5) sport

to play goal — giocare in porta

to play the ball to sb. — passare la palla a qcn

6) (in chess) muovere [ piece]; (in cards) giocare, buttare (giù) [card, suit]

7) econ.

to play the stock market — giocare in Borsa
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) giocare

to play at keeping shop — giocare al negozio

2) fig.

to play at being an artist — atteggiarsi ad artista

what does he think he's playing at? — BE colloq. a che gioco sta giocando?

3) sport giocare

Spain is playing against Ireland — la Spagna gioca contro l'Irlanda

he plays for Milan — gioca per il Milan

to play fair — giocare correttamente

to play into the net — mandare la palla in rete

4) mus. [musician, band, orchestra] suonare

to play to large audiences — suonare per un vasto pubblico

5) cinem. teatr. [ play] andare in scena; [ film] essere in programma; [ actor] recitare

she's playing opposite him in "Macbeth" — recita con lui in "Macbeth"

6) (make noise) [fountain, water] scorrere, mormorare

a record played softly in the background — si sentiva un disco in sottofondo

I could hear music playing in the next room — sentivo la musica nella stanza accanto

7) (move lightly)

sunlight played over the water — la luce del sole giocava sull'acqua

a smile played on her lips — un sorriso errava sulle sue labbra

•

- play along

- play around

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play out

- play up

- play upon

- play with

••

to play for time — cercare di guadagnare tempo

* * *
[plei] 1. verb
1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) giocare

2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) giocare

3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) recitare, interpretare

4) ((of a play etc) to be performed: `Oklahoma' is playing at the local theatre.) essere recitato

5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) suonare

6) ((usually with on) to carry out or do (a trick): He played a trick on me.) giocare

7) ((usually with at) to compete against (someone) in a game etc: I'll play you at tennis.) giocare (contro)

8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) guizzare

9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) dirigere

10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) giocare
2. noun
1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) gioco, divertimento

2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) dramma; commedia

3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) partita

4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) gioco

•

- player
- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up
* * *
I [pleɪ]
nome

1) teatr. opera f. (teatrale), dramma m., pièce f., rappresentazione f.

a radio play — un dramma radiofonico

2) (amusement)

the sound of children at play — il rumore dei bambini che giocano

to learn through play — imparare giocando

3) sport

play starts at 9 — la partita comincia alle 9

there was no play today — oggi non hanno giocato

rain stopped play — la partita è stata interrotta a causa della pioggia

the ball is in play, out of play — la palla è, non è buona

there was some fine play from the Danish team — si è visto del bel gioco da parte dei danesi

4) fig. gioco m., azione f.

to come into play — entrare in gioco o in ballo

to bring new factors into play — tirare in ballo nuovi elementi

the play of light on the water — il gioco di luci sull'acqua

the free play of the imagination — il libero sfogo dell'immaginazione

a play on words — un gioco di parole

5) mecc. gioco m., agio m.

••

all work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy) — prov. = non c'è solo il lavoro nella vita

to make a play for sb. — colloq. = fare di tutto per attirare l'attenzione di qcn
II 1. [pleɪ]
verbo transitivo

1) (for amusement)

to play football, cards, hide and seek — giocare a calcio, a carte, a nascondino

to play sb. at chess, to play chess with sb. — giocare a scacchi con qcn.

to play a game of tennis with sb. — fare una partita a tennis con qcn.

to play a joke on sb. — fare uno scherzo a qcn

2) mus. suonare [instrument, symphony]

he will play a nationwide tour — sarà in tournée in tutto il paese

he's playing the jazz club on Monday — suonerà al jazz club lunedì

3) teatr. (act out) recitare, interpretare (il ruolo di), fare (la parte di)

to play a leading role in — fig. giocare un ruolo determinante in

4) (put on) mettere [tape, video, CD]

play me the record — fammi sentire il disco

to play music — mettere un po' di musica

5) sport

to play goal — giocare in porta

to play the ball to sb. — passare la palla a qcn

6) (in chess) muovere [ piece]; (in cards) giocare, buttare (giù) [card, suit]

7) econ.

to play the stock market — giocare in Borsa
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) giocare

to play at keeping shop — giocare al negozio

2) fig.

to play at being an artist — atteggiarsi ad artista

what does he think he's playing at? — BE colloq. a che gioco sta giocando?

3) sport giocare

Spain is playing against Ireland — la Spagna gioca contro l'Irlanda

he plays for Milan — gioca per il Milan

to play fair — giocare correttamente

to play into the net — mandare la palla in rete

4) mus. [musician, band, orchestra] suonare

to play to large audiences — suonare per un vasto pubblico

5) cinem. teatr. [ play] andare in scena; [ film] essere in programma; [ actor] recitare

she's playing opposite him in "Macbeth" — recita con lui in "Macbeth"

6) (make noise) [fountain, water] scorrere, mormorare

a record played softly in the background — si sentiva un disco in sottofondo

I could hear music playing in the next room — sentivo la musica nella stanza accanto

7) (move lightly)

sunlight played over the water — la luce del sole giocava sull'acqua

a smile played on her lips — un sorriso errava sulle sue labbra

•

- play along

- play around

- play back

- play down

- play off

- play on

- play out

- play up

- play upon

- play with

••

to play for time — cercare di guadagnare tempo

English-Italian dictionary > play
20 part

1. noun
1) (something which, together with other things, makes a whole; a piece: We spent part of the time at home and part at the seaside.) parte

2) (an equal division: He divided the cake into three parts.) parte

3) (a character in a play etc: She played the part of the queen.) papel

4) (the words, actions etc of a character in a play etc: He learned his part quickly.) papel

5) (in music, the notes to be played or sung by a particular instrument or voice: the violin part.) parte

6) (a person's share, responsibility etc in doing something: He played a great part in the government's decision.) papel, función

2. verb
(to separate; to divide: They parted (from each other) at the gate.) separar(se); dividir

- parting
- partly
- part-time
- in part
- part company
- part of speech
- part with
- take in good part
- take someone's part
- take part in

part¹ n

1. parte

the first part of the film was best la primera parte de la película era mejor

2. papel

what part do you play in the play? ¿qué papel haces tú en la obra?

3. pieza

the watch doesn't work because a part is missing el reloj no funciona porque le falta una pieza

to take part in something participar en algo / intervenir en algo

part² vb separarse

after twenty years together, they parted después de veinte años juntos, se separaron

part

tr[pɑːt]

noun

1 (gen) parte nombre femenino

■ we spent part of the day on the beach pasamos parte del día en la playa

■ which part of London are you from? ¿de qué parte de Londres eres?

■ the fire devastated part of the castle el incendio asoló parte del castillo

■ he's like part of the family es como de la familia

■ you must be able to work as part of a team hay que saber trabajar en equipo

■ now comes the difficult part ahora viene lo difícil

2 (component) pieza

3 (of serial, programme) capítulo; (of serialized publication) fascículo, entrega

4 (measure) parte nombre femenino

5 (in play, film) papel nombre masculino

■ she plays the part of Scarlett hace el papel de Scarlett

■ a bit part un papel secundario

6 (role, share, involvement) papel nombre masculino, parte nombre femenino

■ he admitted his part in the crime confesó su parte en el crimen

■ I want no part in your dodgy deals no quiero saber nada de tus negocios sucios

7 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL parte nombre femenino

8 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (parting) raya

adverb

1 en parte

■ he's part Irish, part Spanish es mitad irlandés, mitad español

adjective

1 parcial

transitive verb

1 (separate) separar ( from, de)

■ till death us do part hasta que la muerte nos separe

intransitive verb

1 (separate) separarse; (say goodbye) despedirse

■ they parted as friends se separaron amistosamente

2 (open - lips, curtains) abrirse

plural noun parts

1 (area) zona, parajes nombre masculino plural, lugares nombre masculino plural

■ you're not from these parts, are you? no eres de por aquí, ¿verdad?

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

for my part por mi parte, en cuanto a mí

in part en parte

of many parts de muchas facetas

■ a man of many parts un hombre de muchas facetas

on the part of somebody / on somebody's part de parte de alguien

the best part of / the better part of la mayor parte de, casi todo,-a

to be part and parcel of something formar parte de algo

to look the part encajar bien en el papel

to part company with (leave) despedirse de 2 (separate) separarse de 3 (disagree) no estar de acuerdo con

to play a part in (in play etc) desempeñar un papel en 2 (in project etc) intervenir en algo, influir en algo, tener que ver con algo

■ various factors played a part in our decision diversos factores influyeron en nuestra decisión

to part one's hair hacerse la raya

to take part in something participar en algo, tomar parte en algo

to take somebody's part ponerse de parte de alguien

to take something in good part tomarse bien algo

foreign parts el extranjero

part exchange parte nombre femenino del pago

part of speech parte nombre femenino de la oración

part owner copropietario,-a

part ['pɑrt] vi

1) separate: separarse, despedirse

we should part as friends: debemos separarnos amistosamente

2) open: abrirse

the curtains parted: las cortinas se abrieron

3)

to part with : dehacerse de

part vt

1) separate: separar

2)

to part one's hair : hacerse la raya, peinarse con raya

part n

1) section, segment: parte f, sección f

2) piece: pieza f (de una máquina, etc.)

3) role: papel m

4) : raya f (del pelo)

part

adj.

• parcial adj.

adv.

• en parte adv.

• parte adv.

n.

• crencha s.f.

• lote s.m.

• papel s.m.

• parte s.f.

• pieza s.f.

• porción s.f.

• región s.f.

v.

• apartar v.

• dividir v.

• partir v.

• separar v.

I pɑːrt, pɑːt
noun

1)

a) c ( section) parte f

the book is funny in parts — el libro tiene partes divertidas

in my part of the world — en mi país (or región etc)

the worst part of it was that... — lo peor de todo fue que...

for the best part of a week/month — durante casi una semana/un mes

b) c ( integral constituent) (no pl) parte f

it's all part of growing up — todos tenemos que pasar por eso

to be part and parcel of something — formar parte de algo

c) (in phrases)

in part — en parte

for the most part — en su mayor parte; see also part of speech

2) c ( measure) parte f

two parts milk to one part water — dos partes de leche por cada parte de agua

3) c ( component) pieza f; ( spare part) repuesto m, pieza f de recambio, refacción f (Méx)

4) c

a) ( in play) papel m

a bit part — un papel secundario, un papelito (fam)

he acted/played the part of Hamlet — representó/hizo el papel de Hamlet

if you're a manager, you must act/look the part — si eres director, tienes que actuar/vestir como tu rol lo exige

b) (role, share) papel m

she had o played a major part in... — tuvo or jugó or desempeñó un papel fundamental en...

I want no part in it — yo no quiero tener nada que ver con eso

to take part in something — tomar parte or participar en algo

5) ( side)

for my part — por mi parte, por mi lado

to take somebody's part — ponerse* de parte or de lado de alguien, tomar partido por alguien

to take something in good part — tomarse algo bien, no tomarse algo a mal

6) c (section of book, play) parte f; (episode of TV, radio serial) episodio m; ( Publ) fascículo m

7) c ( Mus) (vocal, instrumental line) parte f

8) c ( in hair) (AmE) raya f, carrera f (Col, Ven), partidura f (Chi)

9) parts pl

a) ( area)

in/around these parts — por aquí, por estos lares (arc), por estos pagos (fam)

in foreign parts — en el extranjero

b) ( capabilities)

a man of many parts — un hombre de muchas facetas

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( separate) separar

b) ( divide)

she parts her hair down the middle — se peina con raya al or (Esp) en medio, se peina con la carrera por el medio (Col, Ven), se peina con partidura al medio (Chi)

2.

vi

a) ( separate) \<\<lovers\>\> separarse

they parted as friends — quedaron como amigos

b) \<\<curtains/lips\>\> ( open up) abrirse*

c) ( break) \<\<rope/cable\>\> romperse*

Phrasal Verbs:

- part with

III

adverb en parte

I was part angry, part relieved — en parte or por un lado me dio rabia, pero al mismo tiempo fue un alivio

he's part Chinese and part French — tiene sangre china y francesa; see also part exchange

IV

adjective (before n) < payment> parcial

part owner — copropietario, -ria m,f

[pɑːt]
1. N

1) (=portion, proportion) parte f

the parts of the body — las partes del cuerpo

it was all part of the job — todo formaba parte del trabajo

this was only part of the story — esta no era la historia completa, esto solo era parte de la historia

part of me wanted to apologize — por un lado quería pedir perdón, una parte de mí quería pedir perdón

• it went on for the best part of an hour — continuó durante casi una hora

you haven't heard the best part yet — todavía no has oído lo mejor

• in the early part of this century — a principios de este siglo

• the funny part of it is that nobody seemed to notice — lo gracioso es que nadie pareció darse cuenta

• a good part of sth — gran parte de algo

• in great part — en gran parte

• in part — en parte

the book is good in parts — hay partes del libro que son buenas, el libro es bueno en partes

• a large part of sth — gran parte de algo

in large part — en gran parte

• for the most part — (proportion) en su mayor parte; (number) en su mayoría; (=usually) por lo general

for the most part, this is still unexplored terrain — en su mayor parte, este es un territorio aún no explorado

the locals are, for the most part, very friendly — los habitantes son, en su mayoría, muy simpáticos

the work is, for the most part, quite well paid — el trabajo está, por lo general, bastante bien pagado

- a man of many parts

- be part and parcel of sth

suffering and death are part and parcel of life — el sufrimiento y la muerte son parte integrante de la vida
furniture, private 3., sum
2) (=measure) parte f

one part alcohol to two parts water — una parte de alcohol por cada dos partes de agua

mix together equal parts of salt and flour — mezcle partes iguales de sal y harina

3) (=share, role)

• to do one's part — poner de su parte

• he had no part in stealing it — no intervino or no participó en el robo

• work plays an important part in her life — el trabajo juega un papel importante en su vida

• to take part (in sth) — tomar parte (en algo), participar (en algo)

• I want no part of this — no quiero tener nada que ver con esto

4) (Theat, Cine) papel m

• to look the part — vestir el cargo

• to play the part of Hamlet — hacer el papel de Hamlet

he's just playing a part — está fingiendo
bit I, 2.
5) (=region) [of city] parte f, zona f ; [of country, world] región f

I don't know this part of London very well — no conozco esta parte or esta zona de Londres muy bien

a lovely part of the country — una región hermosa del país

what part of Spain are you from? — ¿de qué parte de España eres?

delegates from all parts of the country — delegados de todos los rincones del país

in some parts of the world — en algunas regiones del mundo

in this/that part of the world — en esta/esa región

• in foreign parts — en el extranjero

• in or round these parts — por aquí, por estos pagos *

he's not from these parts — no es de por aquí

6) (=side)

• for my part, I do not agree — en lo que a mí se refiere or por mi parte, no estoy de acuerdo

• to take sth in good part — tomarse algo bien

• it was bad organization on their part — fue mala organización por su parte

• to take sb's part — ponerse de parte de algn, tomar partido por algn

7) (Mech) pieza f ; moving, replacement 2., spare 4.

8) (Gram) parte f

• part of speech — parte f de la oración, categoría f gramatical

what part of speech is "of"? — ¿qué parte de la oración es "de"?, ¿a qué categoría gramatical pertenece "de"?

9) (Mus) parte f

the soprano part — la parte de soprano

• a song in four parts, a four-part song — una canción a cuatro voces

10) (=instalment) [of journal] número m ; [of serialized publication] fascículo m ; (TV, Rad) (=episode) parte f

11) (US) (in hair) raya f

side/center part — raya f al lado/al medio

2.

ADV (=partly) en parte

it is part fiction and part fact — es en parte ficción y en parte realidad, contiene partes ficticias y partes reales

the cake was part eaten — el pastel estaba empezado or medio comido

she is part French — tiene algo de sangre francesa

3. VT

1) (=separate) separar

• it would kill her to be parted from him — le mataría estar separada de él

market traders try to part the tourists from their money — los dueños de los puestos en los mercados intentan sacar dinero de los turistas
company 1., 2), death 1., 1), fool
2) (=open) [+ curtains] abrir, correr; [+ legs, lips] abrir

3) (=divide)

• to part one's hair on the left/right — peinarse con raya a la izquierda/derecha

his hair was parted at the side/in the middle — tenía raya al lado/al medio

4. VI

1) (=separate) [people] separarse

they couldn't bear to part — no soportaban la idea de separarse

we parted on good terms — lo dejamos como amigos

• to part from sb — separarse de algn

2) (=move to one side) [crowd, clouds] apartarse

3) (=open) [lips, curtains] abrirse

4) (=break) [rope] romperse, partirse

5.

CPD

part exchange N —

they take your old car in part exchange — aceptan tu coche viejo como parte del pago

they offer part exchange on older vehicles — aceptan vehículos más antiguos como parte del pago de uno nuevo

part owner N — copropietario(-a) m / f

part payment N — pago m parcial

to accept sth as part payment for sth — aceptar algo como parte del pago or como pago parcial de algo

part song N — canción f a varias voces

- part with

* * *

I [pɑːrt, pɑːt]
noun

1)

a) c ( section) parte f

the book is funny in parts — el libro tiene partes divertidas

in my part of the world — en mi país (or región etc)

the worst part of it was that... — lo peor de todo fue que...

for the best part of a week/month — durante casi una semana/un mes

b) c ( integral constituent) (no pl) parte f

it's all part of growing up — todos tenemos que pasar por eso

to be part and parcel of something — formar parte de algo

c) (in phrases)

in part — en parte

for the most part — en su mayor parte; see also part of speech

2) c ( measure) parte f

two parts milk to one part water — dos partes de leche por cada parte de agua

3) c ( component) pieza f; ( spare part) repuesto m, pieza f de recambio, refacción f (Méx)

4) c

a) ( in play) papel m

a bit part — un papel secundario, un papelito (fam)

he acted/played the part of Hamlet — representó/hizo el papel de Hamlet

if you're a manager, you must act/look the part — si eres director, tienes que actuar/vestir como tu rol lo exige

b) (role, share) papel m

she had o played a major part in... — tuvo or jugó or desempeñó un papel fundamental en...

I want no part in it — yo no quiero tener nada que ver con eso

to take part in something — tomar parte or participar en algo

5) ( side)

for my part — por mi parte, por mi lado

to take somebody's part — ponerse* de parte or de lado de alguien, tomar partido por alguien

to take something in good part — tomarse algo bien, no tomarse algo a mal

6) c (section of book, play) parte f; (episode of TV, radio serial) episodio m; ( Publ) fascículo m

7) c ( Mus) (vocal, instrumental line) parte f

8) c ( in hair) (AmE) raya f, carrera f (Col, Ven), partidura f (Chi)

9) parts pl

a) ( area)

in/around these parts — por aquí, por estos lares (arc), por estos pagos (fam)

in foreign parts — en el extranjero

b) ( capabilities)

a man of many parts — un hombre de muchas facetas

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( separate) separar

b) ( divide)

she parts her hair down the middle — se peina con raya al or (Esp) en medio, se peina con la carrera por el medio (Col, Ven), se peina con partidura al medio (Chi)

2.

vi

a) ( separate) \<\<lovers\>\> separarse

they parted as friends — quedaron como amigos

b) \<\<curtains/lips\>\> ( open up) abrirse*

c) ( break) \<\<rope/cable\>\> romperse*

Phrasal Verbs:

- part with

III

adverb en parte

I was part angry, part relieved — en parte or por un lado me dio rabia, pero al mismo tiempo fue un alivio

he's part Chinese and part French — tiene sangre china y francesa; see also part exchange

IV

adjective (before n) < payment> parcial

part owner — copropietario, -ria m,f

English-spanish dictionary > part

Страницы

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played around

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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played around

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